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Register a new userSensitivity of the DANSS detector to short range neutrino oscillations
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M.Danilov
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DANSS is a highly segmented 1m^3 plastic scintillator detector. Its 2500 scintillator strips have a Gd loaded reflective cover. Light is collected with 3 wave length shifting fibers per strip and read out with 50 PMTs and 2500 SiPMs. The DANSS will be installed under the industrial 3 GW reactor of the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant at distances varying from 9.7m to 12.2m from the reactor core. Tests of the detector prototype DANSSino demonstrated that in spite of a small size (20x20x100 cm^3) it is quite sensitive to reactor antineutrinos, detecting about 70 Inverse Beta Decay events per day with the signal-to-background ratio of about unity. The prototype tests have demonstrated feasibility to reach the design performance of the DANSS detector. The DANSS experiment will detect about 10 thousand antineutrino events per day with a background below ~1%. Detector will be calibrated every day and its position will be changed frequently to reduce systematic errors. These features will provide a high sensitivity to reactor antineutrino oscillations to sterile neutrinos, suggested recently to explain a so-called reactor anomaly. Data taking will start already next year.
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DANSSino is a reduced pilot version of a solid-state detector of reactor antineutrinos (to be created within the DANSS project and installed under the industrial 3 GW(th) reactor of the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant -- KNPP). Numerous tests performed at a distance of 11 m from the reactor core demonstrate operability of the chosen design and reveal the main sources of the background. In spite of its small size (20x20x100 ccm), the pilot detector turned out to be quite sensitive to reactor antineutrinos, detecting about 70 IBD events per day with the signal-to-background ratio about unity.
Scintillation light is used in liquid argon (LAr) neutrino detectors to provide a trigger signal, veto information against cosmic rays, and absolute event timing. In this work, we discuss additional opportunities offered by detectors with enhanced sensitivity to scintillation light, that is with light collection efficiencies of about $10^{-3}$. We focus on two key detector performance indicators for neutrino oscillation physics: calorimetric neutrino energy reconstruction and neutrino/antineutrino separation in a non-magnetized detector. Our results are based on detailed simulations, with neutrino interactions modelled according to the GENIE event generator, while the charge and light responses of a large LAr ideal detector are described by the Geant4 and NEST simulation tools. A neutrino energy resolution as good as 3.3% RMS for 4 GeV electron neutrino charged-current interactions can in principle be obtained in a large detector of this type, by using both charge and light information. By exploiting muon capture in argon and scintillation light information to veto muon decay electrons, we also obtain muon neutrino identification efficiencies of about 50%, and muon antineutrino misidentification rates at the few percent level, for few-GeV neutrino interactions that are fully contained. We argue that the construction of large LAr detectors with sufficiently high light collection efficiencies is in principle possible.
A high pressure xenon gas time projection chamber with electroluminescent amplification (EL HPGXe TPC) searching for the neutrinoless double beta ($0 ubetabeta$) decay offers: excellent energy resolution ($0.5-0.7%$ FWHM at the $Q_{betabeta}$), by amplifying the ionization signal with electroluminescent light, and tracking capabilities, as demonstrated by the NEXT collaboration using two kg-scale prototypes. The NEXT collaboration is building an EL HPGXe TPC capable of holding 100 kg (NEXT-100) of xenon isotopically enriched in ${{}^{136}rm Xe}$. The installation and commissioning of the NEXT-100 detector at the Laboratorio Subterraneo de Canfranc (LSC) is planned for 2018. The current estimated background level for the NEXT-100 detector is of $4times10^{-4}$ counts/keV-kg-yr or less in the energy region of interest. Assuming an energy resolution of 0.75$%$ FWHM at the $Q_{betabeta}$ and a $0 ubetabeta$ signal efficiency of about 28$%$, this gives an expected sensitivity (at 90$%$ CL) to the $0 ubetabeta$ decay half life of $T^{0 u}_{1/2}>6.0times10^{25}$ yr for an exposure of 275 kg yr. A first phase of the NEXT experiment, called NEW, is currently being commissioned at the LSC. The NEW detector is a scale 1:2 in size (1:10 in mass) of the NEXT-100 detector using the same materials and photosensors and will be used to perform a characterization of the $0 ubetabeta$ backgrounds and a measurement of the standard double beta decay with neutrinos (${2 ubetabeta}$). An 8 sigma significance for the ${2 ubetabeta}$ signal in the NEW detector has been estimated for a 100-day run.
A Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) physics program of three LAr-TPC detectors located along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab is presented. This new SBN Program will deliver a rich and compelling physics opportunity, including the ability to resolve a class of experimental anomalies in neutrino physics and to perform the most sensitive search to date for sterile neutrinos at the eV mass-scale through both appearance and disappearance oscillation channels. Using data sets of 6.6e20 protons on target (P.O.T.) in the LAr1-ND and ICARUS T600 detectors plus 13.2e20 P.O.T. in the MicroBooNE detector, we estimate that a search for muon neutrino to electron neutrino appearance can be performed with ~5 sigma sensitivity for the LSND allowed (99% C.L.) parameter region. In this proposal for the SBN Program, we describe the physics analysis, the conceptual design of the LAr1-ND detector, the design and refurbishment of the T600 detector, the necessary infrastructure required to execute the program, and a possible reconfiguration of the BNB target and horn system to improve its performance for oscillation searches.
The Icarus T600 detector represents the first example of a fully working large-mass LAr detector. After operations at the LNGS INFN laboratories, it has been refurbished at CERN in 2015-2017 and then installed as far detector on the BNB neutrino beamline at FNAL. The main operations involved in the T600 overhauling are thouroghly described in this paper.
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