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Register a new userInfluences of a High Frequency Induction Current on the Uniformity of the Magnetic Field in an Electromagnetic Casting Mould
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An analysis of the influences of a high frequency (30 kHz) alternating current on the uniformity of the magnetic field (B) in an electromagnetic casting (EMC) mould is investigated by means of parametric numerical simulations where the induction current (Js) varies in the range of [1 to 10000 A]. The results show that values of the magnetic flux density along the casting direction (Bz) near the square mould corners are small, compared to those at the other locations where Js < 10000 A, and that the magnitude of Bz increases with an increased induction current (Js). However, it is shown that, for the EMC mould structure investigated in this paper, the variations of Js have no significant influences on the uniformity of the magnetic field, especially for the regions near molten steel level. Moreover, the effective acting region (Rbz) for the critical magnetic field (Bzc) is first introduced in this paper, which opens an interesting topic for future research.
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A uniformly-charged spherical shell of radius $R$, mass $m$, and total electrical charge $q$, having an oscillatory angular velocity $Omega(t)$ around a fixed axis, is a model for a magnetic dipole that radiates an electromagnetic field into its surrounding free space at a fixed oscillation frequency $omega$. An exact solution of the Maxwell-Lorentz equations of classical electrodynamics yields the self-torque of radiation resistance acting on the spherical shell as a function of $R$, $q$, and $omega$. Invoking the Newtonian equation of motion for the shell, we relate its angular velocity $Omega(t)$ to an externally applied torque, and proceed to examine the response of the magnetic dipole to an impulsive torque applied at a given instant of time, say, $t=0$. The impulse response of the dipole is found to be causal down to extremely small values of $R$ (i.e., as $R to 0$) so long as the exact expression of the self-torque is used in the dynamical equation of motion of the spherical shell.
We report the design of a radio-frequency induction-heated rod casting furnace that permits the preparation of polycrystalline ingots of intermetallic compounds under ultra-high vacuum compatible conditions. The central part of the system is a bespoke water-cooled Hukin crucible supporting a casting mold. Depending on the choice of mold, typical rods have a diameter between 6 mm and 10 mm and a length up to 90 mm, suitable for single-crystal growth by means of float-zoning. The setup is all-metal sealed and may be baked out. We find that the resulting ultra-high vacuum represents an important precondition for processing compounds with high vapor pressures under a high-purity argon atmosphere up to 3 bar. Using the rod casting furnace, we succeeded to prepare large high-quality single crystals of two half-Heusler compounds, namely the itinerant antiferromagnet CuMnSb and the half-metallic ferromagnet NiMnSb.
A wire that conducts an electric current will give rise to circular magnetic field (the {O}rsted magnetic field) that is easily calculated using the Maxwell-Ampere equation. For wires with diameters in the macroscopic scale, this is an established physical law that has been demonstrated for two centuries. The Maxwell-Ampere equation is based on the argument that the induction of {O}rsted magnetic field is only a result of the displacement of charge. An alternative derivation of the {O}rsted magnetic field in conductors was suggested in [J. Mag. Mag. Mat. 504, 166660 (2020)] (will be called the current magnetization hypothesis (CMH) thereupon), which proposes that the {O}rsted magnetic field results from a two-body interaction. The present work establishes computationally, using simplified wire models, that the CMH reproduces the results of the Maxwell-Ampere equation for wires with a square cross section. Thus, CMH is proposed as a microscopic theory of magnetic induction, in contrast to the Maxwellian continuum theory of magnetic induction. I demonstrate that CMH could resolve the apparent contradiction between the observed induced magnetic field and that predicted by the Maxwell-Ampere equation in nanowires, as was reported in [Phys. Rev. B 99, 014436 (2019)]. The CMH shows that a possible reason for such contradiction is the presence of non-conductive surface layers in conductors.
Angular momentum densities of electromagnetic beams are connected to helicity (circular polarization) and topological charge (azimuthal phase shift and vorticity). Computing the electromagnetic fields emitted by a circular antenna array, analytic expressions are found for the densities of energy, linear and angular momentum in terms of helicity and vorticity. It is found that the angular momentum density can be separated into spin and orbital parts, a result that is known to be true in a beam geometry. The results are of importance for information-rich radio astronomy and space physics as well as novel radio, radar, and wireless communication concepts.
The incorporation of a relativistic momentum of a nonelectromagnetic nature into macroscopic problems of electrodynamics obviates the lack of correspondence between the electromagnetic mass and the electromagnetic momentum of macroscopic bodies, allowing, in particular, the resolution of the well-known 4/3 paradox.
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