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As part of the Snowmass process, the Cosmic Frontier Indirect-Detection subgroup (CF2) has drawn on input from the Cosmic Frontier and the broader Particle Physics community to produce this document. The purposes of this report are to identify opportunities for dark matter science through indirect detection, to give an overview of the primary scientific drivers for indirect searches for dark matter, and to survey current and planned experiments that have, as a large part of their scientific program, the goal of searching for indirect (or astrophysical) signatures of dark matter. We primarily address existing experiments with a large U.S. role, or future experiments where a U.S. contribution is sought. We also address the limitations of this technique, and answer the tough questions relevant to this subgroup posed by the HEP community through the Snowmass process.
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Report of the CF6 Working Group at Snowmass 2013. Topics addressed include ultra-high energy cosmic rays, neutrinos, gamma rays, baryogenesis, and experiments probing the fundamental nature of spacetime.
Detecting dark matter as it streams through detectors on Earth relies on knowledge of its phase space density on a scale comparable to the size of our solar system. Numerical simulations predict that our Galactic halo contains an enormous hierarchy of substructures, streams and caustics, the remnants of the merging hierarchy that began with tiny Earth mass microhalos. If these bound or coherent structures persist until the present time, they could dramatically alter signatures for the detection of weakly interacting elementary particle dark matter (WIMP). Using numerical simulations that follow the coarse grained tidal disruption within the Galactic potential and fine grained heating from stellar encounters, we find that microhalos, streams and caustics have a negligible likelihood of impacting direct detection signatures implying that dark matter constraints derived using simple smooth halo models are relatively robust. We also find that many dense central cusps survive, yielding a small enhancement in the signal for indirect detection experiments.
As part of the Snowmass process, the Cosmic Frontier WIMP Direct Detection subgroup (CF1) has drawn on input from the Cosmic Frontier and the broader Particle Physics community to produce this document. The charge to CF1 was (a) to summarize the current status and projected sensitivity of WIMP direct detection experiments worldwide, (b) motivate WIMP dark matter searches over a broad parameter space by examining a spectrum of WIMP models, (c) establish a community consensus on the type of experimental program required to explore that parameter space, and (d) identify the common infrastructure required to practically meet those goals.
The details of what constitutes the majority of the mass that makes up dark matter in the Universe remains one of the prime puzzles of cosmology and particle physics today - eighty years after the first observational indications. Today, it is widely accepted that dark matter exists and that it is very likely composed of elementary particles - that are weakly interacting and massive (WIMPs for Weakly Interacting Massive Particles). As important as dark matter is in our understanding of cosmology, the detection of these particles has so far been elusive. Their primary properties such as mass and interaction cross sections are still unknown. Indirect detection searches for the products of WIMP annihilation or decay. This is generally done through observations of gamma-ray photons or cosmic rays. Instruments such as the Fermi-LAT, H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS, combined with the future Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will provide important and complementary constraints to other search techniques. Given the expected sensitivities of all search techniques, we are at a stage where the WIMP scenario is facing stringent tests and it can be expected that WIMPs will be either be detected or the scenario will be so severely constrained that it will have to be re-thought. In this sense we are on the Threshold of Discovery. In this article, I will give a general overview over the current status and the future expectations for indirect searches for dark matter (WIMP) particles.
Dark matter candidates such as weakly-interacting massive particles are predicted to annihilate or decay into Standard Model particles leaving behind distinctive signatures in gamma rays, neutrinos, positrons, antiprotons, or even anti-nuclei. Indirect dark matter searches, and in particular those based on gamma-ray observations and cosmic ray measurements could detect such signatures. Here we review the strengths and limitations of this approach and look into the future of indirect dark matter searches.
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