No Arabic abstract
A new variant of the effective pomeron exchange model is proposed for the description of the correlation, observed in $pp$ and $pbar{p}$ collisions at center-of-mass energy from SPS to LHC, between mean transverse momentum and charged particles multiplicity. The model is based on the Regge-Gribov approach. Smooth logarithmic growth with the collision energy was established for the parameter k, the mean rapidity density of charged particles produced by a single string. It was obtained in the model by the fitting of the available experimental data on charged particles rapidity density in $pp$ and $pbar{p}$ collisions. The main effect of the model, a gradual onset of string collectivity with the growth of collision energy, is accounted by a free parameter {beta} that is responsible in an effective way for the string fusion phenomenon. Another free parameter, t, is used to define string tension. We extract parameters {beta} and t from the available experimental results on <pt>-multiplicity correlation at nucleon collision energy $sqrt{s}$ from 17 GeV to 7 TeV. Smooth dependence of both {beta} and t on energy allows to make predictions for the correlation behavior at the collision energy of 14 TeV. The indications to the string interaction effects in high multiplicity events in $pp$ collisions at the LHC energies are also discussed.
Holographic AdS/QCD models of the Pomeron unite a string-based description of hadronic reactions of the pre-QCD era with the perturbative BFKL approach. The specific version we will use due to Stoffers and Zahed, is based on a semiclassical quantization of a tube (closed string exchange or open string virtual pair production) in its Euclidean formulation using the scalar Polyakov action. This model has a number of phenomenologically successful results. The periodicity of a coordinate around the tube allows the introduction of a Matsubara time and therefore an effective temperature Teff on the string. We observe that at the LHC energies and for sufficiently small impact parameter, Teff approaches and even exceeds the Hagedorn temperature of the QCD strings. Based on studies of the stringy thermodynamics of pure gauge theories we suggest that there should exist two new regimes of the Pomeron: the near-critical and the post-critical ones. In the former one, string excitations create a high entropy string ball, with high energy and entropy but small pressure/free energy. If heavy enough this ball becomes a (dual) black hole (BH). As the intrinsic temperature of the string exceeds the Hagedorn temperature, the ball becomes a post-critical explosive QGP ball. The hydrodynamical explosion resulting from this scenario was predicted by us to have radial flow exceeding that ever seen even in heavy ion collisions, which was recently confirmed by CMS and ALICE at LHC. We also discuss the elastic scattering profile, finding some hints for new phases in it, as well as two-particle correlations.
New parameter free calculations including a variety of necessary kinematic and dynamic effects show that the results of BNL $(p,2p)$ measurements are consistent with the expectations of color transparency.
In continuation of our earlier work, in which we analysed the charged particle multiplicities in leptonic and hadronic interactions at different center of mass energies in full phase space as well as in restricted phase space with the shifted Gompertz distribution, a detailed analysis of the normalized and factorial moments is reported here. A two-component model in which probability distribution function is obtained from the superposition of two shifted Gompertz distributions introduced in our earlier work has also been used for the analysis. This is the first analysis of the moments with the shifted Gompertz distribution. Analysis has also been done to predict the moments of multiplicity distribution for the electron-positron collisions at c.m. energy of 500 GeV at a future Collider.
We study the impact parameter dependence of inelasticity in the framework of an updated geometrical model for multiplicity distribution. A formula in which the inelasticity is related to the eikonal is obtained. This framework permits a calculation of the multiplicity distributions as well as the inelasticity once the eikonal function is given. Adopting a QCD inspired parametrization for the eikonal, in which the gluon-gluon contribution dominates at high energy and determines the asymptotic behavior of the cross sections, we find that the inelasticity decreases as collision energy is increased. Our results predict the KNO scaling violation observed at LHC energies by CMS Collaboration.
We present a study of transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) spectra of unidentified charged particles in pp collisions at RHIC and LHC energies from $sqrt{s}$ = 62.4 GeV to 13 TeV using Tsallis/Hagedorn function. The power law of Tsallis/Hagedorn form gives excellent description of the hadron spectra in $p_{T}$ range from 0.2 to 300 GeV/$c$. The power index $n$ of the $p_T$ distributions is found to follow a function of the type $a+b/sqrt {s}$ with asymptotic value $a = 5.72$. The parameter $T$ governing the soft bulk contribution to the spectra remains almost same over wide range of collision energies. We also provide a Tsallis/Hagedorn fit to the $p_{T}$ spectra of hadrons in pPb and different centralities of PbPb collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV. The data/fit shows deviations from the Tsallis distribution which become more pronounced as the system size increases. We suggest simple modifications in the Tsallis/Hagedorn power law function and show that the above deviations can be attributed to the transverse flow in low $p_T$ region and to the in-medium energy loss in high $p_T$ region.