No Arabic abstract
A new field theory formulation is presented for the analysis of the CMB power spectrum distribution in the cosmology. The background-field formalism is fully used. Stimulated by the recent idea of the {it emergent} gravity, the gravitational (metric) field $g_mn$ is not taken as the quantum-field, but as the background field. The statistical fluctuation effect of the metric field is taken into account by the path (hyper-surface)-integral over the space-time. Using a simple scalar model on the curved (dS$_4$) space-time, we explain the above things with the following additional points: 1) Clear separate treatment of the classical effect, the statistical effect and the quantum effect; 2) The cosmological fluctuation comes not from the quantum gravity but from the unkown microscopic movement; 3) IR parameter ($ell$) is introduced for the time axis as the periodicity. Time reversal(Z$_2$)-symmetry is introduced in order to treat the problem separately with respect to the Z$_2$ parity. This procedure much helps both UV and IR regularization to work well.
Non-Abelian gauge theories with composite fields are examined in the background field method. Generating functionals of Greens functions for a Yang--Mills theory with composite and background fields are introduced, including the generating functional of vertex Greens functions (effective action). The corresponding Ward identities are obtained, and the issue of gauge dependence is investigated. A gauge variation of the effective action is found in terms of a nilpotent operator depending on the composite and background fields. On-shell independence from the choice of gauge fixing for the effective action is established. In the study of the Ward identities and gauge dependence, finite field-dependent BRST transformations with a background field are introduced and utilized on a systematic basis. On the one hand, this involves the consideration of (modified) Ward identities with a field-dependent anticommuting parameter, also depending on a non-trivial background. On the other hand, the issue of gauge dependence is studied with reference to a finite variation of the gauge Fermion. The concept of a joint introduction of composite and background fields to non-Abelian gauge theories is exemplified by the Gribov--Zwanziger theory and by the Volovich--Katanaev model of two-dimensional gravity with dynamical torsion.
We report an investigation of cosmological parameters based on the measurements of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) made by ACBAR. We use the ACBAR data in concert with other recent CMB measurements to derive Bayesian estimates of parameters in inflation-motivated adiabatic cold dark matter models. We apply a series of additional cosmological constraints on the shape and amplitude of the density power spectrum, the Hubble parameter and from supernovae to further refine our parameter estimates. Previous estimates of parameters are confirmed, with sensitive measurements of the power spectrum now ranging from ell sim 3 to 2800. Comparing individual best model fits, we find that the addition of Omega_Lambda as a parameter dramatically improves the fits. We also use the high-ell data of ACBAR, along with similar data from CBI and BIMA, to investigate potential secondary anisotropies from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. We show that the results from the three experiments are consistent under this interpretation, and use the data, combined and individually, to estimate sigma_8 from the Sunyaev-Zeldovich component.
Observations of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) provide increasingly accurate information about the structure of the Universe at the recombination epoch. Most of this information is encoded in the angular power spectrum of the CMB. The aim of this work is to propose a versatile and powerful method for spectral estimation on the sphere which can easily deal with non-stationarity, foregrounds and multiple experiments with various specifications. In this paper, we use needlets (wavelets) on the sphere to construct natural and efficient spectral estimators for partially observed and beamed CMB with non stationary noise. In the case of a single experiment, we compare this method with Pseudo-$C_ell$ methods. The performance of the needlet spectral estimators (NSE) compares very favorably to the best Pseudo--$C_ell$ estimators, over the whole multipole range. On simulations with a simple model (CMB + uncorrelated noise with known variance per pixel + mask), they perform uniformly better. Their distinctive ability to aggregate many different experiments, to control the propagation of errors and to produce a single wide-band error bars is highlighted. The needlet spectral estimator is a powerful, tunable tool which is very well suited to angular power spectrum estimation of spherical data such as incomplete and noisy CMB maps.
The phase-integral approximation devised by Froman and Froman, is used for computing cosmological perturbations in the power-law inflationary model. The phase-integral formulas for the scalar and tensor power spectra are explicitly obtained up to ninth-order of the phase-integral approximation. We show that, the phase-integral approximation exactly reproduces the shape of the power spectra for scalar and tensor perturbations as well as the spectral indices. We compare the accuracy of the phase-integral approximation with the results for the power spectrum obtained with the slow-roll and uniform approximation methods.
The cosmic expansion is computed for various dynamical vacuum models $Lambda(H)$ and confronted to the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) power spectrum from Planck. We also combined CMB in a joint analysis with other probes in order to place constraints on the cosmological parameters of the dynamical vacuum models. We find that all $Lambda(H)$ models are very efficient and in very good agreement with the data. Considering that the interaction term of the dark sector is given in terms of matter and radiation densities, we find that the corresponding $Lambda(H)$ model shows a small but non-zero deviation from $Lambda$ cosmology, nevertheless the confidence level is close to $sim 2.5sigma$.