No Arabic abstract
The minimally entangled typical thermal states algorithm is applied to fermionic systems using the Krylov-space approach to evolve the system in imaginary time. The convergence of local observables is studied in a tight-binding system with a site-dependent potential. The temperature dependence of the superconducting correlations of the attractive Hubbard model is analyzed on chains, showing an exponential decay with distance and exponents proportional to the temperature at low temperatures, as expected. In addition, the non-local parity correlator is calculated at finite temperature. Other possible applications of the minimally entangled typical thermal states algorithm to fermionic systems are also discussed.
We extend finite-temperature tensor network methods to compute Matsubara imaginary-time correlation functions, building on the minimally entangled typical thermal states (METTS) and purification algorithms. While imaginary-time correlation functions are straightforward to formulate with these methods, care is needed to avoid convergence issues that would result from naive estimators. As a benchmark, we study the single-band Anderson impurity model, even though the algorithm is quite general and applies to lattice models. The special structure of the impurity model benchmark system and our choice of basis enable techniques such as reuse of high-probability METTS for increasing algorithm efficiency. The results are competitive with state-of-the-art continuous time Monte Carlo. We discuss the behavior of computation time and error as a function of the number of purified sites in the Hamiltonian.
We improve the efficiency of the minimally entangled typical thermal states (METTS) algorithm without breaking the Abelian symmetries. By adding the operation of Trotter gates that respects the Abelian symmetries to the METTS algorithm, we find that a correlation between successive states in Markov-chain Monte Carlo sampling decreases by orders of magnitude. We measure the performance of the improved METTS algorithm through the simulations of the canonical ensemble of the Bose-Hubbard model and confirm that the reduction of the autocorrelation leads to the reduction of computation time. We show that our protocol using the operation of Trotter gates is effective also for the simulations of the grand canonical ensemble.
We present a scheme to perform an iterative variational optimization with infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS), a tensor network ansatz for a two-dimensional wave function in the thermodynamic limit, to compute the ground state of a local Hamiltonian. The method is based on a systematic summation of Hamiltonian contributions using the corner transfer-matrix method. Benchmark results for challenging problems are presented, including the 2D Heisenberg model, the Shastry-Sutherland model, and the t-J model, which show that the variational scheme yields considerably more accurate results than the previously best imaginary time evolution algorithm, with a similar computational cost and with a faster convergence towards the ground state.
Variational Monte Carlo studies employing projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) have recently shown that they can provide answers on long-standing questions such as the nature of the phases in the two-dimensional $J_1 - J_2$ model. The sampling in these Monte Carlo algorithms is typically performed with Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithms employing local update rules, which often suffer from long autocorrelation times and interdependent samples. We propose a sampling algorithm that generates independent samples from a PEPS, bypassing all problems related to finite autocorrelation times. This algorithm is a generalization of an existing direct sampling algorithm for unitary tensor networks. We introduce an auxiliary probability distribution from which independent samples can be drawn, and combine it with importance sampling in order to evaluate expectation values accurately. We benchmark our algorithm on the classical Ising model and on variational optimization of two-dimensional quantum spin models.
We present an extension of a framework for simulating single quasiparticle or collective excitations on top of strongly correlated quantum many-body ground states using infinite projected entangled pair states, a tensor network ansatz for two-dimensional wave functions in the thermodynamic limit. Our approach performs a systematic summation of locally perturbed states in order to obtain excited eigenstates localized in momentum space, using the corner transfer matrix method, and generalizes the framework to arbitrary unit cell sizes, the implementation of global Abelian symmetries and fermionic systems. Results for several test cases are presented, including the transverse Ising model, the spin-$frac{1}{2}$ Heisenberg model and a free fermionic model, to demonstrate the capability of the method to accurately capture dispersions. We also provide insight into the nature of excitations at the $k=(pi,0)$ point of the Heisenberg model.