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Register a new userNumerical modeling of nonlinear acoustic waves in a tube connected with Helmholtz resonators
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Authors
Bruno Lombard
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Acoustic wave propagation in a one-dimensional waveguide connected with Helmholtz resonators is studied numerically. Finite amplitude waves and viscous boundary layers are considered. The model consists of two coupled evolution equations: a nonlinear PDE describing nonlinear acoustic waves, and a linear ODE describing the oscillations in the Helmholtz resonators. The thermal and viscous losses in the tube and in the necks of the resonators are modeled by fractional derivatives. A diffusive representation is followed: the convolution kernels are replaced by a finite number of memory variables that satisfy local ordinary differential equations. A splitting method is then applied to the evolution equations: their propagative part is solved using a standard TVD scheme for hyperbolic equations, whereas their diffusive part is solved exactly. Various strategies are examined to compute the coefficients of the diffusive representation; finally, an optimization method is preferred to the usual quadrature rules. The numerical model is validated by comparisons with exact solutions. The properties of the full nonlinear solutions are investigated numerically. In particular, the existence of acoustic solitary waves is confirmed.
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We investigate flow of incompressible fluid in a cylindrical tube with elastic walls. The radius of the tube may change along its length. The discussed problem is connected to the blood flow in large human arteries and especially to nonlinear wave propagation due to the pulsations of the heart. The long-wave approximation for modeling of waves in blood is applied. The obtained model Korteweg-deVries equation possessing a variable coefficient is reduced to a nonlinear dynamical system of 3 first order differential equations. The low probability of arising of a solitary wave is shown. Periodic wave solutions of the model system of equations are studied and it is shown that the waves that are consequence of the irregular heart pulsations may be modeled by a sequence of parts of such periodic wave solutions.
Assigning homogeneous boundary conditions, such as acoustic impedance, to the thermoviscous wave equations (TWE) derived by transforming the linearized Navier-Stokes equations (LNSE) to the frequency domain yields a so-called Helmholtz solver, whose output is a discrete set of complex eigenfunction and eigenvalue pairs. The proposed method -- the inverse Helmholtz solver (iHS) -- reverses such procedure by returning the value of acoustic impedance at one or more unknown impedance boundaries (IBs) of a given domain via spatial integration of the TWE for a given real-valued frequency with assigned conditions on other boundaries. The iHS procedure is applied to a second-order spatial discretization of the TWEs derived on an unstructured grid with staggered grid arrangement. The momentum equation only is extended to the center of each IB face where pressure and velocity components are co-located and treated as unknowns. One closure condition considered for the iHS is the assignment of the surface gradient of pressure phase over the IBs, corresponding to assigning the shape of the acoustic waveform at the IB. The iHS procedure is carried out independently for each frequency in order to return the complete broadband complex impedance distribution at the IBs in any desired frequency range. The iHS approach is first validated against Rotts theory for both inviscid and viscous, rectangular and circular ducts. The impedance of a geometrically complex toy cavity is then reconstructed and verified against companion full compressible unstructured Navier-Stokes simulations resolving the cavity geometry and one-dimensional impedance test tube calculations based on time-domain impedance boundary conditions (TDIBC). The iHS methodology is also shown to capture thermoacoustic effects, with reconstructed impedance values quantitatively in agreement with thermoacoustic growth rates.
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