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Register a new userThe Strongly Interacting Quark Gluon Plasma at RHIC and LHC
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Itzhak Tserruya
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The study of heavy-ion collisions has currently unprecedented opportunities with two first class facilities, the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL and the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, and five large experiments ALICE, ATLAS, CMS, PHENIX and STAR producing a wealth of high quality data. Selected results recently obtained are presented on the study of flow, energy loss and direct photons.
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We believe that one can have serious reservations as to whether heavy ion collisions (e.g. 100 GeV/n Au + 100 GeV/n Au) can lead to Thermal and Chemical equilibrium over large regions (particularly if it is assumed this happens whenever QGP is produced at RHIC-that is if it is produced). It is at present not clear that the collision dynamics and times available will lead to this. An alternate scenario proposed by Van Hove where localized in rapidity bubbles of plasma may well be more probable, and may well occur at least some of the time, and some of the time mainly survive to the final state. If this occurs we have developed a series of event generators to extend and describe these phenomena. A Van Hove type[6,7] spherical bubble at eta=0 is embedded in a resonable event generator in qualitative agreement with Hijing etc[12]. The plasma bubble hadronized at a temperature of 170 Mev according to the model developed by Koch, Muller and Rafelski[21]. The amount of available bubble energy is selected by that in a small central circular cross-section of radius approx 1.3fm or 2.5fm in 100 Gev/n Au+AU, central events The results predict Possible Striking Signals for a QGP. We are also applying these techniques to investigating Kharzeev and Pisarski bubbles of metastable vacua with odd CP.
We calculate the Gaussian radius parameters of the pion-emitting source in high energy heavy ion collisions, assuming a first order phase transition from a thermalized Quark-Gluon-Plasma (QGP) to a gas of hadrons. Such a model leads to a very long-lived dissipative hadronic rescattering phase which dominates the properties of the two-pion correlation functions. The radii are found to depend only weakly on the thermalization time tau_i, the critical temperature T_c (and thus the latent heat), and the specific entropy of the QGP. The dissipative hadronic stage enforces large variations of the pion emission times around the mean. Therefore, the model calculations suggest a rapid increase of R_out/R_side as a function of K_T if a thermalized QGP were formed.
We study the diffusion properties of the strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma (sQGP) and evaluate the diffusion coefficient matrix for the baryon ($B$), strange ($S$) and electric ($Q$) charges - $kappa_{qq}$ ($q,q = B, S, Q$) and show their dependence on temperature $T$ and baryon chemical potential $mu_B$. The non-perturbative nature of the sQGP is evaluated within the Dynamical Quasi-Particle Model (DQPM) which is matched to reproduce the equation of state of the partonic matter above the deconfinement temperature $T_c$ from lattice QCD. The calculation of diffusion coefficients is based on two methods: i) the Chapman-Enskog method for the linearized Boltzmann equation, which allows to explore non-equilibrium corrections for the phase-space distribution function in leading order of the Knudsen numbers as well as ii) the relaxation time approximation (RTA). In this work we explore the differences between the two methods. We find a good agreement with the available lattice QCD data in case of the electric charge diffusion coefficient (or electric conductivity) at vanishing baryon chemical potential as well as a qualitative agreement with the recent predictions from the holographic approach for all diagonal components of the diffusion coefficient matrix. The knowledge of the diffusion coefficient matrix is also of special interest for more accurate hydrodynamic simulations.
A strongly coupled quark-gluon plasma (QGP) of heavy constituent quasiparticles is studied by a path-integral Monte-Carlo method, which improves the corresponding classical simulations by extending them to the quantum regime. It is shown that this method is able to reproduce the lattice equation of state and also yields valuable insight into the internal structure of the QGP. The results indicate that the QGP reveals liquid-like rather than gas-like properties. At temperatures just above the critical one it was found that bound quark-antiquark states still survive. These states are bound by effective string-like forces. Quantum effects turned out to be of prime importance in these simulations.
Data from the first three years of running at RHIC are reviewed and put into context with data obtained previously at the AGS and SPS and with the physics question of creation of a quark-gluon plasma in high energy heavy ion collisions. Also some very recent and still preliminary data from run4 are included.
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