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We study relations between the Cohen-Macaulay property and the positivity of $h$-vectors, showing that these two conditions are equivalent for those locally Cohen-Macaulay equidimensional closed projective subschemes $X$, which are close to a complete intersection $Y$ (of the same codimension) in terms of the difference between the degrees. More precisely, let $Xsubset mathbb P^n_K$ ($ngeq 4$) be contained in $Y$, either of codimension two with $deg(Y)-deg(X)leq 5$ or of codimension $geq 3$ with $deg(Y)-deg(X)leq 3$. Over a field $K$ of characteristic 0, we prove that $X$ is arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay if and only if its $h$-vector is positive, improving results of a previous work. We show that this equivalence holds also for space curves $C$ with $deg(Y)-deg(C)leq 5$ in every characteristic $ch(K) eq 2$. Moreover, we find other classes of subschemes for which the positivity of the $h$-vector implies the Cohen-Macaulay property and provide several examples.
We study the arithmetically Cohen-Macaulay (ACM) property for finite sets of points in multiprojective spaces, especially $(mathbb P^1)^n$. A combinatorial characterization, the $(star)$-property, is known in $mathbb P^1 times mathbb P^1$. We propose a combinatorial property, $(star_n)$, that directly generalizes the $(star)$-property to $(mathbb P^1)^n$ for larger $n$. We show that $X$ is ACM if and only if it satisfies the $(star_n)$-property. The main tool for several of our results is an extension to the multiprojective setting of certain liaison methods in projective space.
Let P be a lattice polytope with $h^*$-vector $(1, h^*_1, h^*_2)$. In this note we show that if $h_2^* leq h_1^*$, then $P$ is IDP. More generally, we show the corresponding statements for semi-standard graded Cohen-Macaulay domains over algebraically closed fields.
For a partition $lambda$ of $n$, let $I^{rm Sp}_lambda$ be the ideal of $R=K[x_1, ldots, x_n]$ generated by all Specht polynomials of shape $lambda$. We show that if $R/I^{rm Sp}_lambda$ is Cohen--Macaulay then $lambda$ is of the form either $(a, 1, ldots, 1)$, $(a,b)$, or $(a,a,1)$. We also prove that the converse is true if ${rm char}(K)=0$. To show the latter statement, the radicalness of these ideals and a result of Etingof et al. are crucial. We also remark that $R/I^{rm Sp}_{(n-3,3)}$ is NOT Cohen--Macaulay if and only if ${rm char}(K)=2$.
Let $P_{text{MAX}}(d,s)$ denote the maximum arithmetic genus of a locally Cohen-Macaulay curve of degree $d$ in $mathbb{P}^3$ that is not contained in a surface of degree $<s$. A bound $P(d, s)$ for $P_{text{MAX}}(d,s)$ has been proven by the first author in characteristic zero and then generalized in any characteristic by the third author. In this paper, we construct a large family $mathcal{C}$ of primitive multiple lines and we conjecture that the generic element of $mathcal{C}$ has good cohomological properties. With the aid of emph{Macaulay2} we checked the validity of the conjecture for $s leq 100$. From the conjecture it would follow that $P(d,s)= P_{text{MAX}}(d,s)$ for $d=s$ and for every $d geq 2s-1$.
In this article, we provide a complete list of simple Cohen-Macaulay codimension 2 singularities together with a list of adjacencies which is complete in the case of fat point and space curve singularities.