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Let $mathbf{U}$ be the quantized enveloping algebra and $dot{mathbf{U}}$ its modified form. Lusztig gives some symmetries on $mathbf{U}$ and $dot{mathbf{U}}$. Since the realization of $mathbf{U}$ by the reduced Drinfeld double of the Ringel-Hall algebra, one can apply the BGP-reflection functors to the double Ringel-Hall algebra to obtain Lusztigs symmetries on $mathbf{U}$ and their important properties, for instance, the braid relations. In this paper, we define a modified form $dot{mathcal{H}}$ of the Ringel-Hall algebra and realize the Lusztigs symmetries on $dot{mathbf{U}}$ by applying the BGP-reflection functors to $dot{mathcal{H}}$.
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Quiver Grassmannians and quiver flags are natural generalisations of usual Grassmannians and flags. They arise in the study of quiver representations and Hall algebras. In general, they are projective varieties which are neither smooth nor irreducible. We use a scheme theoretic approach to calculate their tangent space and to obtain a dimension estimate similar to one of Reineke. Using this we can show that if there is a generic representation, then these varieties are smooth and irreducible. If we additionally have a counting polynomial we deduce that their Euler characteristic is positive and that the counting polynomial evaluated at zero yields one. After having done so, we introduce a geometric version of BGP reflection functors which allows us to deduce an even stronger result about the constant coefficient of the counting polynomial. We use this to obtain an isomorphism between the Hall algebra at q=0 and Reinekes generic extension monoid in the Dynkin case.
In this paper, we give geometric realizations of Lusztigs symmetries. We also give projective resolutions of a kind of standard modules. By using the geometric realizations and the projective resolutions, we obtain the categorification of the formulas of Lusztigs symmetries.
The geometric realizations of Lusztigs symmetries of symmetrizable quantum groups are given in this paper. This construction is a generalization of that in [19].
In this paper, we shall study the structure of the Grothendieck group of the category consisting of Lusztigs perverse sheaves and give a decomposition theorem of it. By using this decomposition theorem and the geometric realizations of Lusztigs symmetries on the positive part of a quantum group, we shall give geometric realizations of Lusztigs symmetries on the whole quantum group.
Our investigation in the present paper is based on three important results. (1) In [12], Ringel introduced Hall algebra for representations of a quiver over finite fields and proved the elements corresponding to simple representations satisfy the quantum Serre relation. This gives a realization of the nilpotent part of quantum group if the quiver is of finite type. (2) In [4], Green found a homological formula for the representation category of the quiver and equipped Ringels Hall algebra with a comultiplication. The generic form of the composition subalgebra of Hall algebra generated by simple representations realizes the nilpotent part of quantum group of any type. (3) In [9], Lusztig defined induction and restriction functors for the perverse sheaves on the variety of representations of the quiver which occur in the direct images of constant sheaves on flag varieties, and he found a formula between his induction and restriction functors which gives the comultiplication as algebra homomorphism for quantum group. In the present paper, we prove the formula holds for all semisimple complexes with Weil structure. This establishes the categorification of Greens formula.
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