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Register a new userImpact of a revised $^{25}$Mg(p,$gamma$)$^{26}$Al reaction rate on the operation of the Mg-Al cycle
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Proton captures on Mg isotopes play an important role in the Mg-Al cycle active in stellar H-burning regions. In particular, low-energy nuclear resonances in the $^{25}$Mg(p,$gamma$)$^{26}$Al reaction affect the production of radioactive $^{26}$Al$^{gs}$ as well as the resulting Mg/Al abundance ratio. Reliable estimations of these quantities require precise measurements of the strengths of low-energy resonances. Based on a new experimental study performed at LUNA, we provide revised rates of the $^{25}$Mg(p,$gamma$)$^{26}$Al$^{gs}$ and the $^{25}$Mg(p,$gamma$)$^{26}$Al$^{m}$ reactions with corresponding uncertainties. In the temperature range 50 to 150 MK, the new recommended rate of the $^{26}$Al$^{m}$ production is up to 5 times higher than previously assumed. In addition, at T$=100$ MK, the revised total reaction rate is a factor of 2 higher. Note that this is the range of temperature at which the Mg-Al cycle operates in an H-burning zone. The effects of this revision are discussed. Due to the significantly larger $^{25}$Mg(p,$gamma$)$^{26}$Al$^{m}$ rate, the estimated production of $^{26}$Al$^{gs}$ in H-burning regions is less efficient than previously obtained. As a result, the new rates should imply a smaller contribution from Wolf-Rayet stars to the galactic $^{26}$Al budget. Similarly, we show that the AGB extra-mixing scenario does not appear able to explain the most extreme values of $^{26}$Al/$^{27}$Al, i.e. $>10^{-2}$, found in some O-rich presolar grains. Finally, the substantial increase of the total reaction rate makes the hypothesis of a self-pollution by massive AGBs a more robust explanation for the Mg-Al anticorrelation observed in Globular-Cluster stars.
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The rate of the $^{25}$Al($p$,$gamma$)$^{26}$Si reaction is one of the few key remaining nuclear uncertainties required for predicting the production of the cosmic $gamma$-ray emitter $^{26}$Al in explosive burning in novae. This reaction rate is dominated by three key resonances ($J^{pi}=0^{+}$, $1^{+}$ and $3^{+}$) in $^{26}$Si. Only the $3^{+}$ resonance strength has been directly constrained by experiment. A high resolution measurement of the $^{25}$Mg($d$,$p$) reaction was used to determine spectroscopic factors for analog states in the mirror nucleus, $^{26}$Mg. A first spectroscopic factor value is reported for the $0^{+}$ state at 6.256 MeV, and a strict upper limit is set on the value for the $1^{+}$ state at 5.691 MeV, that is incompatible with an earlier ($^{4}$He,$^{3}$He) study. These results are used to estimate proton partial widths, and resonance strengths of analog states in $^{26}$Si contributing to the $^{25}$Al($p$,$gamma$)$^{26}$Si reaction rate in nova burning conditions.
$beta$ decay of $^{26}$P was used to populate the astrophysically important $E_x=$5929.4(8) keV $J^{pi}=3{^+}$ state of $^{26}$Si. Both $beta$-delayed proton at 418(8) keV and gamma ray at 1742(2) keV emitted from this state were measured simultaneously for the first time with corresponding absolute intensities of 11.1(12)% and 0.59(44)%, respectively. Besides, shell model calculations with weakly bound effects were performed to investigate the decay properties of other resonant states and a spin-parity of $4^+$ rather than $0^+$ was favored for the $E_x=$5945.9(40) keV state. Combining the experimental results and theoretical calculations, $^{25}$Al($p,gamma$)$^{26}$Si reaction rate in explosive hydrogen burning environments was calculated and compared with previous studies.
The competing $^{22}$Ne($alpha,gamma$)$^{26}$Mg and $^{22}$Ne($alpha,n$)$^{25}$Mg reactions control the production of neutrons for the weak $s$-process in massive and AGB stars. In both systems, the ratio between the corresponding reaction rates strongly impacts the total neutron budget and strongly influences the final nucleosynthesis. The $^{22}$Ne($alpha,gamma$)$^{26}$Mg and $^{22}$Ne($alpha,n$)$^{25}$Mg reaction rates was re-evaluated by using newly available information on $^{26}$Mg given by various recent experimental studies. Evaluations of The evaluated $^{22}$Ne($alpha,gamma$)$^{26}$Mg reaction rate remains substantially similar to that of Longland {it et al.} but, including recent results from Texas A&M, the $^{22}$Ne($alpha,n$)$^{25}$Mg reaction rate is lower at a range of astrophysically important temperatures. Stellar models computed with NEWTON and MESA predict decreased production of the weak branch $s$-process due to the decreased efficiency of $^{22}$Ne as a neutron source. Using the new reaction rates in the MESA model results in $^{96}$Zr/$^{94}$Zr and $^{135}$Ba/$^{136}$Ba ratios in much better agreement with the measured ratios from presolar SiC grains.
Classical novae are expected to contribute to the 1809-keV Galactic $gamma$-ray emission by producing its precursor $^{26}$Al, but the yield depends on the thermonuclear rate of the unmeasured $^{25}$Al($p,gamma$)$^{26}$Si reaction. Using the $beta$ decay of $^{26}$P to populate the key $J^{pi}=3^+$ resonance in this reaction, we report the first evidence for the observation of its exit channel via a $1741.6 pm 0.6 (textrm{stat}) pm 0.3 (textrm{syst})$ keV primary $gamma$ ray, where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. By combining the measured $gamma$-ray energy and intensity with other experimental data on $^{26}$Si, we find the center-of-mass energy and strength of the resonance to be $E_r = 414.9 pm 0.6(textrm{stat}) pm 0.3 (textrm{syst}) pm 0.6(textrm{lit.})$ keV and $omegagamma = 23 pm 6 (textrm{stat})^{+11}_{-10}(textrm{lit.})$ meV, respectively, where the last uncertainties are from adopted literature data. We use hydrodynamic nova simulations to model $^{26}$Al production showing that these measurements effectively eliminate the dominant experimental nuclear-physics uncertainty and we estimate that novae may contribute up to 30% of the Galactic $^{26}$Al.
We use Gaia-ESO Survey iDR4 data to explore the Mg-Al anti-correlation in globular clusters, that were observed as calibrators, as a demonstration of the quality of Gaia-ESO Survey data and analysis. The results compare well with the available literature, within 0.1 dex or less, after a small (compared to the internal spreads) offset between the UVES and the GIRAFFE data of 0.10-0.15 dex was taken into account. In particular, we present for the first time data for NGC 5927, one of the most metal-rich globular clusters studied in the literature so far with [Fe/H]=-0.49 dex, that was included to connect with the open cluster regime in the Gaia-ESO Survey internal calibration. The extent and shape of the Mg-Al anti-correlation provide strong constraints on the multiple population phenomenon in globular clusters. In particular, we studied the dependency of the Mg-Al anti-correlation extension with metallicity, present-day mass, and age of the clusters, using GES data in combination with a large set of homogenized literature measurements. We find a dependency with both metallicity and mass, that is evident when fitting for the two parameters simultaneously, but no significant dependency with age. We confirm that the Mg-Al anti-correlation is not seen in all clusters, but disappears for the less massive or most metal-rich ones. We also use our dataset to see whether a normal anti-correlation would explain the low [Mg/$alpha$] observed in some extragalactic globular clusters, but find that none of the clusters in our sample can reproduce it, and more extreme chemical compositions (like the one of NGC 2419) would be required. We conclude that GES iDR4 data already meet the requirements set by the main survey goals, and can be used to study in detail globular clusters even if the analysis procedures were not specifically designed for them.
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