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Register a new userDesign Concept of a gamma-gamma Collider-Based Higgs Factory Driven by a Thin Laser Target and Energy Recovery Linacs
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Yuhong Zhang
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A {gamma}-{gamma} collider has long been considered an option for a Higgs Factory. Such photon colliders usually rely on Compton back-scattering for generating high energy {gamma} photons and further Higgs bosons through {gamma}-{gamma} collisions. The presently existing proposals or design concepts all have chosen a very thick laser target (i.e., high laser photon intensity) for Compton scatterings. In this paper, we present a new design concept of a {gamma}-{gamma} collider utilizing a thin laser target (i.e., relatively low photon density), thus leading to a low electron to {gamma} photon conversion rate. This new concept eliminates most useless and harmful soft {gamma} photons from multiple Compton scattering so the detector background is improved. It also greatly relaxes the requirement of the high peak power of the laser, a significant technical challenge. A high luminosity for such a {gamma}-{gamma} collider can be achieved through an increase of the bunch repetition rate and current of the driven electron beam. Further, a multi-pass recirculating linac could greatly reduce the linac cost and energy recovery is required to reduce the needed RF power.
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Because muons connect directly to a standard-model Higgs particle in s-channel production, a muon collider would be an ideal device for precision measurement of the mass and width of a Higgs-like particle, and for further exploration of its production and decay properties. Parameters of a high-precision muon collider are presented and the necessary components and performance are described. An important advantage of the muon collider approach is that the spin precession of the muons will enable energy measurements at extremely high accuracy (dE/E to 10-6 or better). The collider could be a first step toward a high-luminosity multi-TeV lepton collider, and extensions toward a higher-energy higher-luminosity device are also discussed.
Energy Recovery Linacs provide high-energy beams, but decelerate those beams before dumping them, so that their energy is available for the acceleration of new particles. During this deceleration, any relative energy spread that is created at high energy is amplified by the ratio between high energy and dump energy. Therefore, Energy Recovery Linacs are sensitive to energy spread acquired at high energy, e.g. from wake fields. One can compensate the time-correlated energy spread due to wakes via energy-dependent time-of-flight terms in appropriate sections of an Energy Recovery Linac, and via high-frequency cavities. We show that nonlinear time-of-flight terms can only eliminate odd orders in the correlation between time and energy, if these terms are created by a beam transport within the linac that is common for accelerating and decelerating beams. If these two beams are separated, so that different beam transport sections can be used to produce time-of-flight terms suitable for each, also even-order terms in the energy spread can be eliminated. As an example, we investigate the potential of using this method for the Cornell x-ray Energy Recovery Linac. Via quadratic time-of-flight terms, the energy spread can be reduced by 66%. Alternatively, since the energy spread from the dominantly resistive wake fields of the analysed accelerator is approximately harmonic in time, a high-frequency cavity could diminish the energy spread by 81%. This approach would require bunch-lengthening and recompression in separate sections for accelerating and decelerating beams. Such sections have therefore been included in Cornells x-ray Energy Recovery Linac design.
Plasma wakefield acceleration (PWFA) holds much promise for advancing the energy frontier because it can potentially provide a 1000-fold or more increase in acceleration gradient with excellent power efficiency in respect with standard technologies. Most of the advances in beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration were obtained by a UCLA/USC/SLAC collaboration working at the SLAC FFTB[ ]. These experiments have shown that plasmas can accelerate and focus both electron and positron high energy beams, and an accelerating gradient in excess of 50 GeV/m can be sustained in an 85 cm-long plasma. The FFTB experiments were essentially proof-of-principle experiments that showed the great potential of plasma accelerators. The FACET[ ] test facility at SLAC will in the period 2012-2016 further study several issues that are directly related to the applicability of PWFA to a high-energy collider, in particular two-beam acceleration where the witness beam experiences high beam loading (required for high efficiency), small energy spread and small emittance dilution (required to achieve luminosity). The PWFA-LC concept presented in this document is an attempt to find the best design that takes advantage of the PWFA, identify the critical parameters to be achieved and eventually the necessary R&D to address their feasibility. It best benefits from the extensive R&D that has been performed for conventional rf linear colliders during the last twenty years, especially ILC[ ] and CLIC[ ], with a potential for a comparably lower power consumption and cost.
We analyzed the double production and the triple self-coupling of the standard model Higgs boson at future $gamma gamma$ collider energies, with the reactions $gammagamma rightarrow f bar f HH$ $(f=b, t)$. We evaluated the total cross section for $fbar fHH$ and calculated the total number of events considering the complete set of Feynman diagrams at tree-level and for different values of the triple coupling $kappalambda_{HHH}$. We have also analyzed the sensitivity for the considered reaction and we show the results as 95% C.L. regions in the $kappa-M_H$ plane for different values of the center of mass energy and different levels of background. The numerical computation was done for the energies which are expected to be available at a possible Future Linear $gammagamma$ Collider with a center-of-mass energy 500-3000 $GeV$ and luminosities of 1 and $5 ab^{-1}$. We found that the number of events for the process $gammagamma rightarrow t bar t HH$, taking into account the decay products of both $t$ and $H$, is small but enough to obtain information on the triple Higgs boson self-coupling in a independent way, complementing other studies on the triple vertex.
Gamma sources with high flux and spectral densities are the main requirements for new nuclear physics experiments to be performed in several worldwide laboratories and envisaged in the ELI-NP (Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics) project or in the IRIDE (Interdisciplinary Research Infrastructure with Dual Electron Linacs) proposals. The paper is focalized on an experiment of gamma photons production using Compton collisions between the DAPhi NE electron beam and a high average power laser pulse, amplified in a Fabry-Perot optical resonator. The calculations show that the resulting gamma beam source has extremely interesting properties in terms of spectral density, energy spread and gamma flux comparable (and even better) with the last generation gamma sources. The energy of the gamma beam depends on the adopted laser wavelength and can be tuned changing the energy of the electron ring. In particular we have analyzed the case of a gamma factory tunable in the 2-9 MeV range. The main parameters of this new facility are presented and the perturbation on the transverse and longitudinal electron beam dynamics is discussed. A preliminary accelerator layout to allow experiments with the gamma beam is presented with a first design of the accelerator optics.
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