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Register a new userOrigin of the heavy elements in HD 140283. Measurement of europium abundance
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Added by
Cesar Henrique Siqueira Mello Junior
Publication date
2012
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
Authors
C. Siqueira Mello
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HD 140283 is a nearby (V=7.7) subgiant metal-poor star, extensively analysed in the literature. Although many spectra have been obtained for this star, none showed a signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio high enough to enable a very accurate derivation of abundances from weak lines. The detection of europium proves that the neutron-capture elements in this star originate in the r-process, and not in the s-process, as recently claimed in the literature. Based on the OSMARCS 1D LTE atmospheric model and with a consistent approach based on the spectrum synthesis code Turbospectrum, we measured the europium lines at 4129 {AA} and 4205 {AA}, taking into account the hyperfine structure of the transitions. The spectrum, obtained with a long exposure time of seven hours at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope (CFHT), has a resolving power of 81000 and a S/N ratio of 800 at 4100 {AA}. We were able to determine the abundance A(Eu)=-2.35 dex, compatible with the value predicted for the europium from the r-process. The abundance ratio [Eu/Ba]=+0.58 dex agrees with the trend observed in metal-poor stars and is also compatible with a strong r-process contribution to the origin of the neutron-capture elements in HD 140283.
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Large stellar surveys of the Milky Way require validation with reference to a set of benchmark stars whose fundamental properties are well-determined. For metal-poor benchmark stars, disagreement between spectroscopic and interferometric effective temperatures has called the reliability of the temperature scale into question. We present new interferometric measurements of three metal-poor benchmark stars, HD 140283, HD 122563, and HD 103095, from which we determine their effective temperatures. The angular sizes of all the stars were determined from observations with the PAVO beam combiner at visible wavelengths at the CHARA array, with additional observations of HD 103095 made with the VEGA instrument, also at the CHARA array. Together with photometrically derived bolometric fluxes, the angular diameters give a direct measurement of the effective temperature. For HD 140283 we find {theta}_LD = 0.324+/-0.005 mas, Teff = 5787+/-48 K; for HD 122563, {theta}_LD = 0.926+/-0.011 mas, Teff = 4636+/-37 K; and for HD 103095 {theta}_LD = 0.595+/-0.007 mas, Teff = 5140+/-49 K. Our temperatures for HD 140283 and HD 103095 are hotter than the previous interferometric measurements by 253 K and 322 K, respectively. We find good agreement between our temperatures and recent spectroscopic and photometric estimates. We conclude some previous interferometric measurements have been affected by systematic uncertainties larger than their quoted errors.
We present a series of systematic abundance measurements for 89 hydrogen atmosphere (DA-type) white dwarfs with temperatures spanning 16000-77000K drawn from the FUSE spectral archive. This is the largest study to date of white dwarfs where radiative forces are significant, exceeding our earlier work, based mainly on IUE and HST data, by a factor three. Using heavy element blanketed non-LTE stellar atmosphere calculations, we have addressed the heavy element abundance patterns making completely objective measurements of abundance values and their error ranges using a c{hi}2 fitting technique. We are able to establish the broad range of abundances seen in a given temperature range and establish the incidence of stars which appear, in the optical, to be atmospherically devoid of any material other than H. We compare the observed abundances to predictions of radiative levitation calculations, revealing little agreement. We propose that the supply of heavy elements is accreted from external sources rather than being intrinsic to the star. These elements are then retained in the white dwarf atmospheres by radiative levitation, a model that can explain both the diversity of measured abundances for stars of similar temperature and gravity, including cases with apparently pure H envelopes, and the presence of photospheric metals at temperatures where radiative levitation is no longer effective.
We conducted an analysis of the distribution of elements from lithium to europium in 200 dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood ~20 pc with temperatures in the range 4800-6200 K and metallicities [Fe/H] higher than -0.5 dex. Determinations of atmospheric parameters and the chemical composition of the dwarfs were taken from our previous studies. We found that the lithium abundances in the planet-hosting solar-analog stars of our sample were lower than those in the stars without planetary systems. Our results reveal no significant differences exceeding the determination errors for the abundances of investigated elements, except for aluminium and barium, which are more and less abundant in the planet-hosting stars, respectively. We did not find confident dependences of the lithium, aluminium and barium abundances on the ages of our target stars (which is probable because of the small number of stars). Furthermore, we found no correlation between the abundance differences in [El/Fe] and the condensation temperature (Tcond) for stars in the 16 Cyg binary system, unlike the case for 51 Peg (HD 217014), for which a slight excess of volatile elements and a deficit of refractories were obtained relative to those of solar twins. We found that one of the components of 16 Cyg exhibits a slightly higher average abundance than its counterpart (<[El/H](A-B)> = 0.08+/-0.02 dex); however, no significant abundance trend versus Tcond was observed. Owing to the relatively large errors, we cannot provide further constraints for this system.
The isotope abundances provide powerful diagnostics of the chemical enrichment in our Galaxy. The star HD 140283 is one of the best-studied very metal-poor dwarf stars. It is very old, and the chemical abundance in this star is a good witness of the chemical composition of the matter in the early Galaxy. The aim of this work is to measure the precise abundances of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and mainly the 12C/13C isotopic ratio in this very old metal-poor star in order to have a good reference for the computations of the chemical evolution of the Galaxy. We used very high spectral resolution data, with extremely high signal-to-noise ratios obtained with the spectrographs ESPaDOnS at the CFHT, ESPRESSO at the VLT, and HARPS at the ESO 3.6m telescope. For the first time, we were able to measure the 12C/13C ratio in a very old metal-poor dwarf that was born at the very beginning of the Galaxy: 27 < 12C/13C < 45. We also obtained a precise determination of the abundance of the CNO elements in this star. These abundances suggest that the effect of super-asymptotic giant branch stars or fast-rotating massive stars was significant in the early Galaxy.
High resolution spectra obtained from the Subaru Telescope High Dispersion Spectrograph have been used to update the stellar atmospheric parameters and metallicity of the star HD 209621. We have derived a metallicity of [Fe/H] = -1.93 for this star, and have found a large enhancement of carbon and of heavy elements, with respect to iron. Updates on the elemental abundances of four s-process elements (Y, Ce, Pr, Nd) along with the first estimates of abundances for a number of other heavy elements (Sr, Zr, Ba, La, Sm, Eu, Er, Pb) are reported. The stellar atmospheric parameters, the effective temperature, Teff, and the surface gravity, log g (4500 K, 2.0), are determined from LTE analysis using model atmospheres. Estimated [Ba/Eu] = +0.35, places the star in the group of CEMP-(r+s) stars; however, the s-elements abundance pattern seen in HD 209621 is characteristic of CH stars; notably, the 2nd-peak s-process elements are more enhanced than the first peak s-process elements. HD 209621 is also found to show a large enhancement of the 3rd-peak s-process element lead (Pb) with [Pb/Fe] = +1.88. The relative contributions of the two neutron-capture processes, r- and s- to the observed abundances are examined using a parametric model based analysis, that hints that the neutron-capture elements in HD 209621 primarily originate in s-process.
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