No Arabic abstract
We perform a detailed elemental abundance study of the early-type B star HD 28248 and estimate its orbital path in the Galaxy. From the comparison of spectroscopic observations performed at the European Southern Observatory at La Silla in 2001/Oct/07 with non-LTE synthetic spectra using a new wrapper for the simultaneous fitting of several lines of a given atomic species, the abundances of He, C, N, O, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Ar and Fe were determined for the first time. The radial velocity of HD 28248 has been also estimated from the positions of centroids of nine neutral helium lines and Mg ii 4481 A, allowing to calculate its right-handed Galactic space-velocity components U, V and W and estimate its orbital path in the Galaxy for the first time. Our chemical analysis depicted an outstanding enrichment of several atomic species, particularly [Fe/H] = +0.25 dex and [O/Fe] = +0.32 dex. The kinematic parameters show that its orbit is confined to the galactic disk with a scale height of 400 pc and the star has moved about 4 kpc from its birthplace to the current position. The elemental abundances do not follow the predicted [Fe/H] and [O/Fe] gradients currently established for the Galaxy. A hypothetical scenario for the contamination could be the mass transfer in a binary system during previous evolutionary phases.
We analyzed series of spectra obtained for twelve stable RRc stars observed with the echelle spectro- graph of the du Pont telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and we analyzed the spectra of RRc Blazhko stars discussed by Govea et al. (2014). We derived model atmosphere parameters, [Fe/H] metallicities, and [X/Fe] abundance ratios for 12 species of 9 elements. We co-added all spectra ob- tained during the pulsation cycles to increase S/N and demonstrate that these spectra give results superior to those obtained by co-addition in small phase intervals. The RRc abundances are in good agreement with those derived for the RRab stars of Chadid et al. (2017). We used radial velocity measurements of metal lines and H{alpha} to construct variations of velocity with phase, and center-of-mass velocities. We used these to construct radial-velocity templates for use in low-medium resolution radial velocity surveys of RRc stars. Additionally, we calculated primary accelerations, radius variations, metal and H{alpha} velocity amplitudes, which we display as regressions against primary acceleration. We employ these results to compare the atmosphere structures of metal-poor RRc stars with their RRab counterparts. Finally, we use the radial velocity data for our Blazhko stars and the Blazhko periods of Szczygie l & Fabrycky (2007) to falsify the Blazhko oblique rotator hypothesis.
We present non-LTE oxygen abundances for a sample of B stars in the Orion association. The abundance calculations included non-LTE line formation and used fully blanketed non-LTE model atmospheres. The stellar parameters were the same as adopted in the previous study by Cunha & Lambert (1994). We find that the young Orion stars in this sample of 10 stars are described by a single oxygen abundance with an average value of A(O)=8.78 and a small dispersion of +/- 0.05 dex, which is of the order of the uncertainties in the analysis. This average oxygen abundance compares well with the average oxygen abundance obtained previously in Cunha & Lambert (1994): A(O) = 8.72 +/- 0.13 although this earlier study, based upon non-blanketed model atmospheres in LTE, displayed larger scatter. Small scatter of chemical abundances in Orion B stars had also been found in our previous studies for neon and argon; all based on the same effective temperature scale. The derived oxygen abundance distribution for the Orion association compares well with other results for the oxygen abundance in the solar neighborhood.
The analysis of 20 years of spectrophotometric data of the double shell planetary nebula PM,1-188 is presented, aiming to determine the time evolution of the emission lines and the physical conditions of the nebula, as a consequence of the systematic fading of its [WC,10] central star whose brightness has declined by about 10 mag in the past 40 years. Our main results include that the [ion{O}{iii}], [ion{O}{ii}], [ion{N}{ii}] line intensities are increasing with time in the inner nebula as a consequence of an increase in electron temperature from 11,000 K in 2005 to more than 14,000 K in 2018, due to shocks. The intensity of the same lines are decreasing in the outer nebula, due to a decrease in temperature, from 13,000 K to 7,000 K, in the same period. The chemical composition of the inner and outer shells was derived and they are similar. Both nebulae present subsolar O, S and Ar abundances, while they are He, N and Ne rich. For the outer nebula the values are 12+log He/H= 11.13$pm$0.05, 12+log O/H = 8.04$pm$0.04, 12+log N/H= 7.87$pm$0.06, 12+log S/H = 7.18$pm$0.10 and 12+log Ar = 5.33$pm$0.16. The O, S and Ar abundances are several times lower than the average values found in disc non-Type I PNe, and are reminiscent of some halo PNe. From high resolution spectra, an outflow in the N-S direction was found in the inner zone. Position-velocity diagrams show that the outflow expands at velocities in the $-$150 to 100 km s$^{-1}$ range, and both shells have expansion velocities of about 40 km s$^{-1}$.
We combine asteroseismology, optical high-resolution spectroscopy, and kinematic analysis for 26 halo red giant branch stars in the textit{Kepler} field in the range of $-2.5<[mathrm{{Fe}/{H}}]<-0.6$. After applying theoretically motivated corrections to the seismic scaling relations, we obtain an average mass of $0.97pm 0.03,mathrm{M_{odot}}$ for our sample of halo stars. Although this maps into an age of $sim 7,mathrm{Gyr}$, significantly younger than independent age estimates of the Milky Way stellar halo, we considerer this apparently young age is due to the overestimation of stellar mass in the scaling relations. There is no significant mass dispersion among lower red giant branch stars ($log g>2$), which constrains a relative age dispersion to $<18%$, corresponding to $<2,mathrm{Gyr}$. The precise chemical abundances allow us to separate the stars with [{Fe}/{H}]$>-1.7$ into two [{Mg}/{Fe}] groups. While [$alpha$/{Fe}] and [{Eu}/{Mg}] ratios are different between the two subsamples, [$s$/Eu], where $s$ stands for Ba, La, Ce, and Nd, does not show a significant difference. These abundance ratios suggest that the chemical evolution of the low-Mg population is contributed by type~Ia supernovae, but not by low-to-intermediate mass asymptotic giant branch stars, providing a constraint on its star formation timescale as $100,mathrm{Myr}<tau<300,mathrm{Myr}$. We also do not detect any significant mass difference between the two [{Mg}/{Fe}] groups, thus suggesting that their formation epochs are not separated by more than 1.5 Gyr.
Until now, HD 155448 has been known as a post-AGB star and listed as a quadruple system. In this paper, we study the system in depth and reveal that the B component itself is a binary and that the five stars HD 155448 A, B1, B2, C, and D likely form a comoving stellar system. From a spectroscopic analysis we derive the spectral types and find that all components are B dwarfs (A: B1V, B1: B6V, B2: B9V, C: B4Ve, D: B8V). Their stellar ages put them close to the ZAMS, and their distance is estimated to be ~2 kpc. Of particular interest is the C component, which shows strong hydrogen and forbidden emission lines at optical wavelengths. All emission lines are spatially extended in the eastern direction and appear to have a similar velocity shift, except for the [OI] line. In the IR images, we see an arc-like shape to the northeast of HD 155448 C. From the optical up to 10 micron, most circumstellar emission is located at distances between ~1.0 arcsec and 3.0 arcsec from HD 155448 C, while in the Q band the arc-like structure appears to be in contact with HD 155448 C. The Spitzer and VLT/VISIR mid-IR spectra show that the circumstellar material closest to the star consists of silicates, while polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) dominate the emission at distances >1 arcsec with bands at 8.6, 11.3, and 12.7 micron. We consider several scenarios to explain the unusual, asymmetric, arc-shaped geometry of the circumstellar matter. The most likely explanation is an outflow colliding with remnant matter from the star formation process.