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We propose a new type of momentum spectrometer, which uses the RxB drift effect to disperse the charged particles in a uniformly curved magnetic field. This kind of RxB spectrometer is designed for the momentum analyses of the decay electrons and protons in the PERC (Proton and Electron Radiation Channel) beam station, which provides a strong magnetic field to guide the charged particles in the instrument. Instead of eliminating the guiding field, the RxB spectrometer evolves the field gradually to the analysing field, and the charged particles can be adiabatically transported during the dispersion and detection. The drifts of the particles have similar properties as their dispersion in the normal magnetic spectrometer. Besides, the RxB spectrometer is especially ideal for the measurements of particles with low momenta and relative large incident angles. We present a design of the RxB spectrometer, which can be used in PERC. The resolution of the momentum spectra can reach 14.4 keV/c, if the particle position measurements have a resolution of 1 mm.
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The performance of a novel tracking detector developed for the focal plane of the NSCL/FRIB S800 magnetic spectrometer is presented. The detector comprises a large-area drift chamber equipped with a hybrid Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector (MPGD)-based readout. The latter consists of a position-sensitive Micromegas detector preceded by a two-layer M-THGEM multiplier as a pre-amplification stage. The signals from the Micromegas readout are processed by a data acquisition system based on the General Electronics for TPC (GET). The drift chamber has an effective area of around 60x30 cm^2, which matches to the very large acceptance of the S800 spectrometer. This work discusses in detail the results of performance evaluation tests carried out with a low-energy alpha-particles source and with high-energy heavy-ion beams with the detector installed at the S800 focal plane. In this latter case, the detector was irradiated with a 150 MeV/u 78Kr36+ beam as well as a heavy-ion fragmentation cocktail beam produced by the 78Kr36+ beam impinging on a thin beryllium target. Sub-millimeter position resolution is obtained in both dispersive and non-dispersive directions.
The Multi-Purpose Detector (MPD) is designed to study a hot and dense baryonic matter formed in heavy-ion collisions at SQRT(sNN)=4-11 GeV at the NICA accelerator complex (Dubna, Russia). Large-sized electromagnetic calorimeter (ECal) of the MPD spectrometer will provide precise spatial and energy measurements for photons and electrons in the central pseudorapidity region of |eta|<1.2. The Shashlyk-type sampling structure of the ECal is optimized for the photons energy range from about 40 MeV to 2-3 GeV. Fine segmentation and projective geometry of the calorimeter allow to deal with high multiplicity of secondary particles from Au-Au reactions. In this talk, we report on a design, a construction status and expected parameters of the ECal.
A detailed study of charge collection efficiency has been performed on the Silicon Drift Detectors (SDD) of the ALICE experiment. Three different methods to study the collected charge as a function of the drift time have been implemented. The first approach consists in measuring the charge at different injection distances moving an infrared laser by means of micrometric step motors. The second method is based on the measurement of the charge injected by the laser at fixed drift distance and varying the drift field, thus changing the drift time. In the last method, the measurement of the charge deposited by atmospheric muons is used to study the charge collection efficiency as a function of the drift time. The three methods gave consistent results and indicated that no charge loss during the drift is observed for the sensor types used in 99% of the SDD modules mounted on the ALICE Inner Tracking System. The atmospheric muons have also been used to test the effect of the zero-suppression applied to reduce the data size by erasing the counts in cells not passing the thresholds for noise removal. As expected, the zero suppression introduces a dependence of the reconstructed charge as a function of drift time because it cuts the signal in the tails of the electron clouds enlarged by diffusion effects. These measurements allowed also to validate the correction for this effect extracted from detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the detector response and applied in the offline data reconstruction.
This paper discusses the quality and performance of currently available PbWO$_4$ crystals of relevance to high-resolution electromagnetic calorimetry, e.g. detectors for the Neutral Particle Spectrometer at Jefferson Lab or those planned for the Electron-Ion Collider. Since the construction of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and early PANDA (The antiProton ANnihilations at DArmstadt) electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) the worldwide availability of high quality PbWO$_4$ production has changed dramatically. We report on our studies of crystal samples from SICCAS/China and CRYTUR/Czech Republic that were produced between 2014 and 2019.
Many experiments are currently using or proposing to use large area GEM foils in their detectors, which is creating a need for commercially available GEM foils. Currently CERN is the only main distributor of GEM foils, however with the growing interest in GEM technology keeping up with the increasing demand for GEM foils will be difficult. Thus the commercialization of GEM foils has been established by Tech-Etch Inc. of Plymouth, MA, USA using the single-mask technique, which is capable of producing GEM foils over a meter long. To date Tech-Etch has successfully manufactured 10 $times$ 10 cm$^2$ and 40 $times$ 40 cm$^2$ GEM foils. We will report on the electrical and geometrical properties, along with the inner and outer hole diameter size uniformity of these foils. Furthermore, Tech-Etch has now begun producing even larger GEM foils of 50 $times$ 50 cm$^2$, and are currently looking into how to accommodate GEM foils on the order of one meter long. The Tech-Etch foils were found to have excellent electrical properties. The measured mean optical properties were found to reflect the desired parameters and are consistent with those measured in double-mask GEM foils, as well as single-mask GEM foils produced at CERN. They also show good hole diameter uniformity over the active area.
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