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Reactions are an important tool to study nuclear structure and for extracting reactions relevant for astrophysics. In this paper we focus on deuteron induced reactions which can provide information on neutron shell evolution as well as neutron capture cross sections. We review recent work on the systematic comparison of the continuum discretized coupled channel method, the adiabatic wave approximation and the Faddeev momentum-space approach. We also explore other aspects of the reaction mechanism and discuss in detail difficulties encountered in the calculations.
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Rare isotopes are most often studied through nuclear reactions. Nuclear reactions can be used to obtain detailed structure information but also in connection to astrophysics to determine specific capture rates. In order to extract the desired information it is crucial to have a reliable framework that describes the reaction process accurately. A few recent developments for transfer and breakup reactions will be presented. These include recent studies on the reliability of existing theories as well as effort to reduce the ambiguities in the predicted observables.
Neutron reaction data for the set of major chromium isotopes were reevaluated from the thermal energy range up to 20 MeV. In the low energy region, updates to the thermal values together with an improved $R$-matrix analysis of the resonance parameters characterizing the cluster of large $s$-wave resonances for $^{50,53}$Cr isotopes were performed. In the intermediate and high energy range up to 20 MeV, the evaluation methodology used statistical nuclear reaction models implemented in the EMPIRE code within the Hauser-Feshbach framework to evaluate the reaction cross sections and angular distributions. Exceptionally, experimental data were used to evaluate relevant cross sections above the resonance region up to 5 MeV in the major $^{52}$Cr isotope. Evaluations were benchmarked with Monte Carlo simulations of a small suite of critical assemblies highly sensitive to Chromium data, and with the Oktavian shielding benchmark to judge deep penetration performance with a 14-MeV D-T neutron source. A significant improvement in performance is demonstrated compared to existing evaluations.
We first predict the ground-state properties of Ca isotopes, using the Gogny-D1S Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (GHFB) with and without the angular momentum projection (AMP). We find that $^{64}$Ca is an even-dripline nucleus and $^{59}$Ca is an odd-dripline nucleus, using $A$ dependence of the one-neutron separation energy $S_{1}$ and the two-neutron separation energy, $S_{2}$. As for $S_{1}$, $S_{2}$ and the binding energies $E_{rm B}$, our results agree with the experimental data in $^{40-58}$Ca. As other ground-state properties of $^{40-60,62,64}$Ca, we predict charge, proton, neutron, matter radii, neutron skin and deformation. As for charge radii, our results are consistent with the experimental data in $^{40-52}$Ca. For $^{48}$Ca, our results on proton, neutron, matter radii agree with the experimental data. Very lately, Tanaka et. al. measured interaction cross sections for $^{42-51}$Ca scattering on a $^{12}$C target at an incident energy per nucleon of $E_{rm lab}=280$MeV. Secondly, we predict reaction cross sections $sigma_{rm R}$ for $^{40-60,62,64}$Ca, using a chiral $g$-matrix double-folding model (DFM). To show the reliability of the present DFM for $sigma_{rm R}$, we apply the DFM for the data on $^{12}$C scattering on $^{9}$Be, $^{12}$C, $^{27}$Al targets in $30 < E_{rm lab} < 400 $MeV, and show that the present DFM is good in $30 < E_{rm lab} < 100 $MeV and $250 < E_{rm lab} < 400 $MeV. For $110 < E_{rm lab} < 240 $MeV, our results have small errors. To improve the present DFM for $sigma_{rm R}$, we propose two prescriptions.
We discuss the role of pairing anti-halo effect in the observed odd-even staggering in reaction cross sections for $^{30,31,32}$Ne and $^{36,37,38}$Mg isotopes by taking into account the ground state deformation of these nuclei. To this end, we construct the ground state density for the $^{30,31}$Ne and $^{36,37}$Mg nuclei based on a deformed Woods-Saxon potential, while for the $^{32}$Ne and $^{38}$Mg nuclei we also take into account the pairing correlation using the Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov method. We demonstrate that, when the one-neutron separation energy is small for the odd-mass nuclei, a significant odd-even staggering still appears even with finite deformation, although the degree of staggering is somewhat reduced compared to the spherical case. This implies that the pairing anti-halo effect in general plays an important role in generating the odd-even staggering in reaction cross sections for weakly bound nuclei.
We systematically calculate the total reaction cross sections of oxygen isotopes, $^{15-24}$O, on a $^{12}$C target at high energies using the Glauber theory. The oxygen isotopes are described with Slater determinants generated from a phenomenological mean-field potential. The agreement between theory and experiment is generally good, but a sharp increase of the reaction cross sections from ^{21}O to ^{23}O remains unresolved. To examine the sensitivity of the diffraction pattern of elastic scattering to the nuclear surface, we study the differential elastic-scattering cross sections of proton-^{20,21,23}O at the incident energy of 300 MeV by calculating the full Glauber amplitude.
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