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Register a new userBig-bang nucleosynthesis with a long-lived CHAMP including He4 spallation process
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We propose helium-4 spallation processes induced by long-lived stau in supersymmetric standard models, and investigate an impact of the processes on light elements abundances. We show that, as long as the phase space of helium-4 spallation processes is open, they are more important than stau-catalyzed fusion and hence constrain the stau property. This talk is based on works (Jittoh et al., 2011).
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We propose helium-4 spallation processes induced by long-lived stau in supersymmetric standard models, and investigate an impact of the processes on light elements abundances. We show that, as long as the phase space of helium-4 spallation processes is open, they are more important than stau-catalyzed fusion and hence constrain the stau property.
We review important reactions in the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) model involving a long-lived negatively charged massive particle, $X^-$, which is much heavier than nucleons. This model can explain the observed $^7$Li abundances of metal-poor stars, and predicts a primordial $^9$Be abundance that is larger than the standard BBN prediction. In the BBN epoch, nuclei recombine with the $X^-$ particle. Because of the heavy $X^-$ mass, the atomic size of bound states $A_X$ is as small as the nuclear size. The nonresonant recombination rates are then dominated by the $d$-wave $rightarrow$ 2P transition for $^7$Li and $^{7,9}$Be. The $^7$Be destruction occurs via a recombination with the $X^-$ followed by a proton capture, and the primordial $^7$Li abundance is reduced. Also, the $^9$Be production occurs via the recombination of $^7$Li and $X^-$ followed by deuteron capture. The initial abundance and the lifetime of the $X^-$ particles are constrained from a BBN reaction network calculation. We estimate that the derived parameter region for the $^7$Li reduction is allowed in supersymmetric or Kaluza-Klein (KK) models. We find that either the selectron, smuon, KK electron or KK muon could be candidates for the $X^-$ with $m_Xsim {mathcal O}(1)$ TeV, while the stau and KK tau cannot.
We study the chameleon field dark matter, dubbed textit{scalaron}, in $F(R)$ gravity in the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) epoch. With an $R^{2}$-correction term required to solve the singularity problem for $F(R)$ gravity, we first find that the scalaron dynamics is governed by the $R^{2}$ term and the chameleon mechanism in the early universe, which makes the scalaron physics model-independent regarding the low-energy scale modification. In viable $F(R)$ dark energy models including the $R^{2}$ correction, our analysis suggests the scalaron universally evolves in a way with a bouncing oscillation irrespective of the low-energy modification for the late-time cosmic acceleration. Consequently, we find a universal bound on the scalaron mass in the BBN epoch, to be reflected on the constraint for the coupling strength of the $R^2$ term, which turns out to be more stringent than the one coming from the fifth force experiments. It is then shown that the scalaron naturally develops a small enough fluctuation in the BBN epoch, hence can avoid the current BBN constraint placed by the latest Planck 2018 data, and can also have a large enough sensitivity to be hunted by the BBN, with more accurate measurements for light element abundances as well as the baryon number density fraction.
I review standard big bang nucleosynthesis and so
A recent measurement of $^4$He photodisintegration reactions, $^4$He($gamma$,$p$)$^3$H and $^4$He($gamma$,$n$)$^3$He with laser-Compton photons shows smaller cross sections than those estimated by other previous experiments at $E_gamma lesssim 30$ MeV. We study big-bang nucleosynthesis with the radiative particle decay using the new photodisintegration cross sections of $^4$He as well as previous data. The sensitivity of the yields of all light elements D, T, $^3$He, $^4$He, $^6$Li, $^7$Li and $^7$Be to the cross sections is investigated. The change of the cross sections has an influence on the non-thermal yields of D, $^3$He and $^4$He. On the other hand, the non-thermal $^6$Li production is not sensitive to the change of the cross sections at this low energy, since the non-thermal secondary synthesis of $^6$Li needs energetic photons of $E_gamma gtrsim 50$ MeV. The non-thermal nucleosynthesis triggered by the radiative particle decay is one of candidates of the production mechanism of $^6$Li observed in metal-poor halo stars (MPHSs). In the parameter region of the radiative particle lifetime and the emitted photon energy which satisfies the $^6$Li production above the abundance level observed in MPHSs, the change of the photodisintegration cross sections at $E_gamma lesssim 30$ MeV as measured in the recent experiment leads to $sim 10$% reduction of resulting $^3$He abundance, whereas the $^6$Li abundance does not change for this change of the cross sections of $^4$He($gamma$,$p$)$^3$H and $^4$He($gamma$,$n$)$^3$He. The $^6$Li abundance, however, could show a sizable change and therefore the future precise measurement of the cross sections at high energy $E_gamma gtrsim$ 50 MeV is highly required.
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