No Arabic abstract
This is a short survey on idempotent states on locally compact groups and locally compact quantum groups. The central topic is the relationship between idempotent states, subgroups and invariant C*-subalgebras. We concentrate on recent results on locally compact quantum groups, but begin with the classical notion of idempotent probability measure. We also consider the `intermediate case of idempotent states in the Fourier--Stieltjes algebra: this is the dual case of idempotent probability measures and so an instance of idempotent states on a locally compact quantum group.
Correspondence between idempotent states and expected right-invariant subalgebras is extended to non-coamenable, non-unimodular locally compact quantum groups; in particular left convolution operators are shown to automatically preserve the right Haar weight.
Every symmetric generating functional of a convolution semigroup of states on a locally compact quantum group is shown to admit a dense unital $*$-subalgebra with core-like properties in its domain. On the other hand we prove that every normalised, symmetric, hermitian conditionally positive functional on a dense $*$-subalgebra of the unitisation of the universal C$^*$-algebra of a locally compact quantum group, satisfying certain technical conditions, extends in a canonical way to a generating functional. Some consequences of these results are outlined, notably those related to constructing cocycles out of convolution semigroups.
We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between compact quantum subgroups of a co-amenable locally compact quantum group $mathbb{G}$ and certain left invariant C*-subalgebras of $C_0(mathbb{G})$. We also prove that every compact quantum subgroup of a co-amenable quantum group is co-amenable. Moreover, there is a one-to-one correspondence between open subgroups of an amenable locally compact group $G$ and non-zero, invariant C*-subalgebras of the group C*-algebra $C^*(G)$.
A general form of contractive idempotent functionals on coamenable locally compact quantum groups is obtained, generalising the result of Greenleaf on contractive measures on locally compact groups. The image of a convolution operator associated to a contractive idempotent is shown to be a ternary ring of operators. As a consequence a one-to-one correspondence between contractive idempotents and a certain class of ternary rings of operators is established.
We investigate quantum group generalizations of various density results from Fourier analysis on compact groups. In particular, we establish the density of characters in the space of fixed points of the conjugation action on $L^2(mathbb{G})$, and use this result to show the weak* density and norm density of characters in $ZL^{infty}(mathbb{G})$ and $ZC(mathbb{G})$, respectively. As a corollary, we partially answer an open question of Woronowicz. At the level of $L^1(mathbb{G})$, we show that the center $mathcal{Z}(L^1(mathbb{G}))$ is precisely the closed linear span of the quantum characters for a large class of compact quantum groups, including arbitrary compact Kac algebras. In the latter setting, we show, in addition, that $mathcal{Z}(L^1(mathbb{G}))$ is a completely complemented $mathcal{Z}(L^1(mathbb{G}))$-submodule of $L^1(mathbb{G})$.