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Register a new userQuantum oscillations from nodal bilayer magnetic breakdown in the underdoped high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+x
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We report quantum oscillations in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6.56 over a significantly large range in magnetic field extending from 24 to 101 T, enabling three well-spaced low frequencies at 440 T, 532 T, and 620 T to be clearly resolved. We show that a small nodal bilayer coupling that splits a nodal pocket into bonding and antibonding orbits yields a sequence of frequencies, F0 - {Delta}F, F0, and F0 + {Delta}F and accompanying beat pattern similar to that observed experimentally, on invoking magnetic breakdown tunneling at the nodes. The relative amplitudes of the multiple frequencies observed experimentally in quantum oscillation measurements are shown to be reproduced using a value of nodal bilayer gap quantitatively consistent with that measured in photoemission experiments in the underdoped regime.
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The mystery of the normal state in the underdoped cuprates has deepened with the use of newer and complementary experimental probes. While photoemission studies have revealed solely `Fermi arcs centered on nodal points in the Brillouin zone at which holes aggregate upon doping, more recent quantum oscillation experiments have been interpreted in terms of an ambipolar Fermi surface, that includes sections containing electron carriers located at the antinodal region. To address the question of whether an ambipolar Fermi surface truly exists, here we utilize measurements of the second harmonic quantum oscillations, which reveal that the amplitude of these oscillations arises mainly from oscillations in the chemical potential, providing crucial information on the nature of the Fermi surface in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x. In particular, the detailed relationship between the second harmonic amplitude and the fundamental amplitude of the quantum oscillations leads us to the conclusion that there exists only a single underlying quasi-two dimensional Fermi surface pocket giving rise to the multiple frequency components observed via the effects of warping, bilayer splitting and magnetic breakdown. A range of studies suggest that the pocket is most likely associated with states near the nodal region of the Brillouin zone of underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x at high magnetic fields.
We show that the distribution of quantum oscillation frequencies observed over a broad range of magnetic field can be reconciled with the wavevectors of charge modulations found in nuclear magnetic resonance and resonant x-ray spectroscopy experiments in underdoped YBa2Cu3O6+x within a model of biaxial charge ordering occurring in a bilayer CuO2 planar system. Bilayer coupling introduces the possibility of different period modulations and quantum oscillation frequencies corresponding to each of the bonding and antibonding bands, which can be reconciled with recent experimental observations
Arguably the most intriguing aspect of the physics of cuprates is the close proximity between the record high-Tc superconductivity (HTSC) and the antiferromagnetic charge-transfer insulating state driven by Mott-like electron correlations. These are responsible for the intimate connection between high and low-energy scale physics, and their key role in the mechanism of HTSC was conjectured very early on. More recently, the detection of quantum oscillations in high-magnetic field experiments on YBa2Cu3O6+x (YBCO) has suggested the existence of a Fermi surface of well-defined quasiparticles in underdoped cuprates, lending support to the alternative proposal that HTSC might emerge from a Fermi liquid across the whole cuprate phase diagram. Discriminating between these orthogonal scenarios hinges on the quantitative determination of the elusive quasiparticle weight Z, over a wide range of hole-doping p. By means of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) on in situ doped YBCO, and following the evolution of bilayer band-splitting, we show that the overdoped metal electronic structure (0.25<p<0.37) is in remarkable agreement with density functional theory and the Z=2p/(p+1) mean-field prediction. Below p~0.10-0.15, we observe the vanishing of the nodal quasiparticle weight Z_N; this marks a clear departure from Fermi liquid behaviour and -- consistent with dynamical mean-field theory -- is even a more rapid crossover to the Mott physics than expected for the doped resonating valence bond (RVB) spin liquid.
The Ferrell-Glover-Tinkham (FGT) sum rule has been applied to the temperature dependence of the in-plane optical conductivity of optimally-doped YBa_2Cu_3O_{6.95} and underdoped YBa_2Cu_3O_{6.60}. Within the accuracy of the experiment, the sum rule is obeyed in both materials. However, the energy scale omega_c required to recover the full strength of the superfluid rho_s in the two materials is dramatically different; omega_c simeq 800 cm^{-1} in the optimally doped system (close to twice the maximum of the superconducting gap, 2Delta_0), but omega_c gtrsim 5000 cm^{-1} in the underdoped system. In both materials, the normal-state scattering rate close to the critical temperature is small, Gamma < 2Delta_0, so that the materials are not in the dirty limit and the relevant energy scale for rho_s in a BCS material should be twice the energy gap. The FGT sum rule in the optimally-doped material suggests that the majority of the spectral weight of the condensate comes from energies below 2Delta_0, which is consistent with a BCS material in which the condensate originates from a Fermi liquid normal state. In the underdoped material the larger energy scale may be a result of the non-Fermi liquid nature of the normal state. The dramatically different energy scales suggest that the nature of the normal state creates specific conditions for observing the different aspects of what is presumably a central mechanism for superconductivity in these materials.
By improving the experimental conditions and extensive data accumulation, we have achieved very high-precision in the measurements of the de Haas-van Alphen effect in the underdoped high-temperature superconductor YBa$_{2}$Cu$_{3}$O$_{6.5}$. We find that the main oscillation, so far believed to be single-frequency, is composed of three closely spaced frequencies. We attribute this to bilayer splitting and warping of a single quasi-2D Fermi surface, indicating that emph{c}-axis coherence is restored at low temperature in underdoped cuprates. Our results do not support the existence of a larger frequency of the order of 1650 T reported recently in the same compound [S.E. Sebastian {it et al}., Nature {bf 454}, 200 (2008)].
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