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Register a new userFull phase stabilization of a Yb:fiber femtosecond frequency comb via high-bandwidth transducers
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We present full phase stabilization of an amplified Yb:fiber femtosecond frequency comb using an intra-cavity electro-optic modulator and an acousto-optic modulator. These transducers provide high servo bandwidths of 580 kHz and 250 kHz for frep and fceo, producing a robust and low phase noise fiber frequency comb. The comb was self-referenced with an f - 2f interferometer and phase locked to an ultra-stable optical reference used for the JILA Sr optical clock at 698 nm, exhibiting 0.21 rad and 0.47 rad of integrated phase errors (over 1 mHz - 1 MHz) respectively. Alternatively, the comb was locked to two optical references at 698 nm and 1064 nm, obtaining 0.43 rad and 0.14 rad of integrated phase errors respectively.
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We demonstrate control and stabilization of an optical frequency comb generated by four-wave mixing in a monolithic microresonator with a mode spacing in the microwave regime (86 GHz). The comb parameters (mode spacing and offset frequency) are controlled via the power and the frequency of the pump laser, which constitutes one of the comb modes. Furthermore, generation of a microwave beat note at the combs mode spacing frequency is presented, enabling direct stabilization to a microwave frequency standard.
Optical frequency comb (OFC) technology has been the cornerstone for scientific breakthroughs such as precision frequency metrology, redefinition of time, extreme light-matter interaction, and attosecond sciences. While the current mode-locked laser-based OFC has had great success in extending the scientific frontier, its use in real-world applications beyond the laboratory setting remains an unsolved challenge. Microresonator-based OFCs, or Kerr frequency comb, have recently emerged as a candidate solution to the challenge because of their preferable size, weight, and power consumption (SWaP). On the other hand, the current phase stabilization technology requires either external optical references or power-demanding nonlinear processes, overturning the SWaP benefit of Kerr frequency combs. Introducing a new concept in phase control, here we report an internally phase stabilized Kerr frequency comb without the need of any optical references or nonlinear processes. We describe the comb generation analytically with the theory of cavity induced modulation instability, and demonstrate for the first time that the optical frequency can be stabilized by control of two internally accessible parameters: an intrinsic comb offset and the comb spacing. Both parameters are phase locked to microwave references, with 55 mrad and 20 mrad residual phase noises, and the resulting comb-to-comb frequency uncertainty is 0.08 Hz or less. Out-of-loop measurements confirm good coherence and stability across the comb, with measured optical frequency fractional instabilities of 5x10^-11/sqrt(t). The new phase stabilization method preserves the Kerr frequency combs key advantages and potential for chip-scale electronic and photonic integration.
We combine a tunable continuous-wave optical parametric oscillator and a femtosecond Ti:Sapphire laser frequency comb to provide a phase-coherent bridge between the visible and mid-infrared spectral ranges. As a first demonstration of this new technique we perform a direct frequency comparison between an iodine stabilized Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm and an infrared methane optical frequency standard at $3.39 mu$m.
We present a flexible all-polarization-maintaining (PM) mode-locked ytterbium (Yb):fiber laser based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). In addition to providing detailed design considerations, we discuss the different operation regimes accessible by this versatile laser architecture and experimentally analyze five representative mode-locking states. These five states were obtained in a 78-MHz configuration at different intracavity group delay dispersion (GDD) values ranging from anomalous (-0.035 ps$^2$) to normal (+0.015 ps$^2$). We put a particular focus on the characterization of the intensity noise as well as the free-running linewidth of the carrier-envelope-offset (CEO) frequency as a function of the different operation regimes. We observe that operation points far from the spontaneous emission peak of Yb (~1030 nm) and close to zero intracavity dispersion can be found, where the influence of pump noise is strongly suppressed. For such an operation point, we show that a CEO linewidth of less than 10-kHz at 1 s integration can be obtained without any active stabilization.
Laser-driven high-order harmonic generation (HHG) provides tabletop sources of broadband extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) light with excellent spatial and temporal coherence. These sources are typically operated at low repetition rates, $f_{rep}lesssim$100 kHz, where phase-matched frequency conversion into the XUV is readily achieved. However, there are many applications that demand the improved counting statistics or frequency-comb precision afforded by operation at high repetition rates, $f_{rep}$ > 10 MHz. Unfortunately, at such high $f_{rep}$, phase matching is prevented by the accumulated steady-state plasma in the generation volume, setting stringent limitations on the XUV average power. Here, we use gas mixtures at high temperatures as the generation medium to increase the translational velocity of the gas, thereby reducing the steady-state plasma in the laser focus. This allows phase-matched XUV emission inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity at a repetition rate of 77 MHz, enabling a record generated power of $sim$2 mW in a single harmonic order. This power scaling opens up many demanding applications, including XUV frequency-comb spectroscopy of few-electron atoms and ions for precision tests of fundamental physical laws and constants.
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