No Arabic abstract
A Schrodinger equation may be transformed by unitary operators into dynamical equations in different interaction pictures which share with it a common physical frame, i.e., the same underlying interactions, processes and dynamics. In contrast to this standard scenario, other relations are also possible, such as a common interaction-picture dynamical equation corresponding to several Schrodinger equations that represent different physics. This may enable us to design alternative and feasible experimental routes for operations that are a priori difficult or impossible to perform. The power of this concept is exemplified by engineering Hamiltonians that improve the performance or make realizable several shortcuts to adiabaticity.
Spin echo can be used to refocus random dynamical phases caused by inhomogeneities in control fields and thereby retain the purity of a spatial distribution of quantum spins. This technique for accurate spin control is an essential ingredient in many applications, such as nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, and quantum information processing. Here, we show how all the elements of a spin echo sequence can be performed at high speed by means of shortcuts to adiabaticity. Our proposal promises accurate control of rapid quantum spin evolution. We illustrate our scheme for a universal nonadiabatic geometric single-qubit gate.
Shortcuts to adiabaticity (STA) are fast routes to the final results of slow, adiabatic changes of the controlling parameters of a system. The shortcuts are designed by a set of analytical and numerical methods suitable for different systems and conditions. A motivation to apply STA methods to quantum systems is to manipulate them on timescales shorter than decoherence times. Thus shortcuts to adiabaticity have become instrumental in preparing and driving internal and motional states in atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics. Applications range from information transfer and processing based on gates or analog paradigms to interferometry and metrology. The multiplicity of STA paths for the controlling parameters may be used to enhance robustness versus noise and perturbations or to optimize relevant variables. Since adiabaticity is a widespread phenomenon, STA methods also extended beyond the quantum world to optical devices, classical mechanical systems, and statistical physics. Shortcuts to adiabaticity combine well with other concepts and techniques, in particular, with optimal control theory, and pose fundamental scientific and engineering questions such as finding speed limits, quantifying the third law, or determining process energy costs and efficiencies. Concepts, methods, and applications of shortcuts to adiabaticity are reviewed and promising prospects are outlined, as well as open questions and challenges ahead.
Different techniques to speed up quantum adiabatic processes are currently being explored for applications in atomic, molecular and optical physics, such as transport, cooling and expansions, wavepacket splitting, or internal state control. Here we examine the capabilities of superadiabatic iterations to produce a sequence of shortcuts to adiabaticity. The general formalism is worked out as well as examples for population inversion in a two-level system.
Shortcuts to adiabaticity let a system reach the results of a slow adiabatic process in a shorter time. We propose to quantify the energy cost of the shortcut by the energy consumption of the system enlarged by including the control device. A mechanical model where the dynamics of the system and control device can be explicitly described illustrates that a broad range of possible values for the consumption are possible, including zero (above the adiabatic energy increment) when friction is negligible and the energy given away as negative power is stored and recovered by perfect regenerative braking.
Fast and robust quantum control protocols are often based on an idealised approximate description of the relevant quantum system. While this may provide a performance which is close to optimal, improvements can be made by incorporating elements of the full system representation. We propose a new technique for such scenarios, called enhanced shortcuts to adiabaticity (eSTA). The eSTA method works for previously intractable Hamiltonians by providing an analytical correction to existing STA protocols. This correction can be easily calculated and the resulting protocols are outside the class of STA schemes. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for three distinct cases: manipulation of an internal atomic state beyond the rotating wave approximation, transport of a neutral atom in an optical Gaussian trap and transport of two trapped ions in an anharmonic trap.