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Nucleon and Roper electromagnetic elastic and transition form factors

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 Added by Craig Roberts
 Publication date 2011
  fields
and research's language is English




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We compute nucleon and Roper e.m. elastic and transition form factors using a symmetry-preserving treatment of a contact-interaction. Obtained thereby, the e.m. interactions of baryons are typically described by hard form factors. In contrasting this behaviour with that produced by a momentum-dependent interaction, one achieves comparisons which highlight that elastic scattering and resonance electroproduction experiments probe the infrared evolution of QCDs running masses; e.g., the existence, and location if so, of a zero in the ratio of nucleon Sachs form factors are strongly influenced by the running of the dressed-quark mass. In our description of baryons, diquark correlations are important. These correlations are instrumental in producing a zero in the Dirac form factor of the protons d-quark; and in determining d_v/u_v(x=1), as we show via a formula that expresses d_v/u_v(x=1) in terms of the nucleons diquark content. The contact interaction produces a first excitation of the nucleon that is constituted predominantly from axial-vector diquark correlations. This impacts greatly on the gamma*p->P_{11}(1440) form factors. Notably, our quark core contribution to F_2*(Q^2) exhibits a zero at Q^2~0.5mN^2. Faddeev equation treatments of a hadrons quark core usually underestimate its magnetic properties, hence we consider the effect produced by a dressed-quark anomalous e.m. moment. Its inclusion much improves agreement with experiment. On the domain 0<Q^2<2GeV^2, meson-cloud effects are important in making a realistic comparison between experiment and hadron structure calculations. Our computed helicity amplitudes are similar to the bare amplitudes in coupled-channels analyses of the electroproduction process. Thus supports a view that extant structure calculations should directly be compared with the bare-couplings, etc., determined via coupled-channels analyses.



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A dressed-quark core contribution to nucleon electromagnetic form factors is calculated. It is defined by the solution of a Poincare covariant Faddeev equation in which dressed-quarks provide the elementary degree of freedom and correlations between them are expressed via diquarks. The nucleon-photon vertex involves a single parameter; i.e., a diquark charge radius. It is argued to be commensurate with the pions charge radius. A comprehensive analysis and explanation of the form factors is built upon this foundation. A particular feature of the study is a separation of form factor contributions into those from different diagram types and correlation sectors, and subsequently a flavour separation for each of these. Amongst the extensive body of results that one could highlight are: r_1^{n,u}>r_1^{n,d}, owing to the presence of axial-vector quark-quark correlations; and for both the neutron and proton the ratio of Sachs electric and magnetic form factors possesses a zero.
We report on a recent calculation of all Roper-related electromagnetic transtions form factors, covering the range of energies that next-to-come planned experiments are expected to map. Direct reliable calculations were performed, within a Poincare covariant approach of the three-body bound-state problem, up to $Q^2/m^2_N$=6; approximated then by applying the Schlessinger point method and the results eventually extended up to $Q^2/m^2_Nsimeq$12 via analytic continuation.
A symmetry-preserving approach to the two valence-body continuum bound-state problem is used to calculate the elastic electromagnetic form factors of the $rho$-meson and subsequently to study the evolution of vector-meson form factors with current-quark mass. To facilitate a range of additional comparisons, $K^ast$ form factors are also computed. The analysis reveals that: vector mesons are larger than pseudoscalar mesons; composite vector mesons are non-spherical, with magnetic and quadrupole moments that deviate $sim 30$% from point-particle values; in many ways, vector-meson properties are as much influenced by emergent mass as those of pseudoscalars; and vector meson electric form factors possess a zero at spacelike momentum transfer. Qualitative similarities between the electric form factors of the $rho$ and the proton, $G_E^p$, are used to argue that the character of emergent mass in the Standard Model can force a zero in $G_E^p$. Morover, the existence of a zero in vector meson electric form factors entails that a single-pole vector meson dominance model can only be of limited use in estimating properties of off-shell vector mesons, providing poor guidance for systems in which the Higgs-mechanism of mass generation is dominant.
84 - T. Melde , K. Berger , L. Canton 2006
We present a study of the electromagnetic structure of the nucleons with constituent quark models in the framework of relativistic quantum mechanics. In particular, we address the construction of spectator-model currents in the instant and point forms. Corresponding results for the elastic nucleon electromagnetic form factors as well as charge radii and magnetic moments are presented. We also compare results obtained by different realistic nucleon wave functions stemming from alternative constituent quark models. Finally, we discuss the theoretical uncertainties that reside in the construction of spectator-model transition operators.
85 - T. Horikawa , W. Bentz 2005
We use the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model as an effective quark theory to investigate the medium modifications of the nucleon electromagnetic form factors. By using the equation of state of nuclear matter derived in this model, we discuss the results based on the naive quark-scalar diquark picture, the effects of finite diquark size, and the meson cloud around the constituent quarks. We apply this description to the longitudinal response function for quasielastic electron scattering. RPA correlations, based on the nucleon-nucleon interaction derived in the same model, are also taken into account in the calculation of the response function.
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