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Register a new userSynchrony vs Causality in the Asynchronous Pi-Calculus
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Publication date
2011
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Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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We study the relation between process calculi that differ in their either synchronous or asynchronous interaction mechanism. Concretely, we are interested in the conditions under which synchronous interaction can be implemented using just asynchronous interactions in the pi-calculus. We assume a number of minimal conditions referring to the work of Gorla: a good encoding must be compositional and preserve and reflect computations, deadlocks, divergence, and success. Under these conditions, we show that it is not possible to encode synchronous interactions without introducing additional causal dependencies in the translation.
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Process calculi may be compared in their expressive power by means of encodings between them. A widely accepted definition of what constitutes a valid encoding for (dis)proving relative expressiveness results between process calculi was proposed by Gorla. Prior to this work, diverse encodability and separation results were generally obtained using distinct, and often incompatible, quality criteria on encodings. Textbook examples of valid encoding are the encodings proposed by Boudol and by Honda & Tokoro of the synchronous choice-free $pi$-calculus into its asynchronous fragment, illustrating that the latter is no less expressive than the former. Here I formally establish that these encodings indeed satisfy Gorlas criteria.
We present a formalisation in Agda of the theory of concurrent transitions, residuation, and causal equivalence of traces for the pi-calculus. Our formalisation employs de Bruijn indices and dependently-typed syntax, and aligns the proved transitions proposed by Boudol and Castellani in the context of CCS with the proof terms naturally present in Agdas representation of the labelled transition relation. Our main contributions are proofs of the diamond lemma for the residuals of concurrent transitions and a formal definition of equivalence of traces up to permutation of transitions. In the pi-calculus transitions represent propagating binders whenever their actions involve bound names. To accommodate these cases, we require a more general diamond lemma where the target states of equivalent traces are no longer identical, but are related by a braiding that rewires the bound and free names to reflect the particular interleaving of events involving binders. Our approach may be useful for modelling concurrency in other languages where transitions carry metadata sensitive to particular interleavings, such as dynamically allocated memory addresses.
We study whether, in the pi-calculus, the match prefix-a conditional operator testing two names for (syntactic) equality-is expressible via the other operators. Previously, Carbone and Maffeis proved that matching is not expressible this way under rather strong requirements (preservation and reflection of observables). Later on, Gorla developed a by now widely-tested set of criteria for encodings that allows much more freedom (e.g. instead of direct translations of observables it allows comparison of calculi with respect to reachability of successful states). In this paper, we offer a considerably stronger separation result on the non-expressibility of matching using only Gorlas relaxed requirements.
Formalising the pi-calculus is an illuminating test of the expressiveness of logical frameworks and mechanised metatheory systems, because of the presence of name binding, labelled transitions with name extrusion, bisimulation, and structural congruence. Formalisations have been undertaken in a variety of systems, primarily focusing on well-studied (and challenging) properties such as the theory of process bisimulation. We present a formalisation in Agda that instead explores the theory of concurrent transitions, residuation, and causal equivalence of traces, which has not previously been formalised for the pi-calculus. Our formalisation employs de Bruijn indices and dependently-typed syntax, and aligns the proved transitions proposed by Boudol and Castellani in the context of CCS with the proof terms naturally present in Agdas representation of the labelled transition relation. Our main contributions are proofs of the diamond lemma for residuation of concurrent transitions and a formal definition of equivalence of traces up to permutation of transitions.
We present a type system to guarantee termination of pi-calculus processes that exploits input/output capabilities and subtyping, as originally introduced by Pierce and Sangiorgi, in order to analyse the usage of channels. We show that our system improves over previously existing proposals by accepting more processes as terminating. This increased expressiveness allows us to capture sensible programming idioms. We demonstrate how our system can be extended to handle the encoding of the simply typed lambda-calculus, and discuss questions related to type inference.
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