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Register a new userFirst simultaneous multi-wavelength observations of the black hole candidate IGR J17091-3624: ATCA, INTEGRAL, Swift, and RXTE views of the 2011 outburst
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We present the results of the first four (quasi-)simultaneous radio (ATCA), X-ray (Swift, RXTE), and Gamma-ray (INTEGRAL) observations of the black hole candidate IGR J17091-3624, performed in February and March 2011. The X-ray analysis shows that the source was in the hard state, and then it transited to a soft intermediate state. We study the correlated radio/X-ray behaviour of this source for the first time. The radio counterpart to IGR J17091-3624 was detected during all four observations with the ATCA. In the hard state, the radio spectrum is typical of optically thick synchrotron emission from a self-absorbed compact jet. In the soft intermediate state, the detection of optically thin synchrotron emission is probably due to a discrete ejection event associated with the state transition. The position of IGR J17091-3624 in the radio versus X-ray luminosity diagram (aka fundamental plane) is compatible with that of the other black hole sources for distances greater than 11 kpc. IGR J17091-3624 also appears as a new member of the few sources that show a strong quenching of radio emission after the state transition. Using the estimated luminosity at the spectral transition from the hard state, and for a typical mass of 10 M_sun, we estimate a distance to the source between ~11 and ~17 kpc, compatible with the radio behaviour of the source.
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We report on the long-term monitoring campaign of the black hole candidate IGR J17091-3624 performed with INTEGRAL and Swift during the peculiar outburst started on January 2011. We have studied the two month spectral evolution of the source in detail. Unlike the previous outbursts, the initial transition from the hard to the soft state in 2011 was not followed by the standard spectral evolution expected for a transient black hole binary. IGR J17091-3624 showed pseudo periodic flare-like events in the light curve, closely resembling those observed from GRS 1915+105. We find evidence that these phenomena are due to the same physical instability process ascribed to GRS 1915+105. Finally we speculate that the faintness of IGR J17091-3624 could be not only due to the high distance of the source but to the high inclination angle of the system as well.
We report on the first 180 days of RXTE observations of the outburst of the black hole candidate IGR J17091-3624. This source exhibits a broad variety of complex light curve patterns including periods of strong flares alternating with quiet intervals. Similar patterns in the X-ray light curves have been seen in the (up to now) unique black hole system GRS 1915+105. In the context of the variability classes defined by Belloni et al. (2000) for GRS 1915+105, we find that IGR J17091-3624 shows the u, rho, alpha, lambda, beta and mu classes as well as quiet periods which resemble the chi class, all occurring at 2-60 keV count rate levels which can be 10-50 times lower than observed in GRS 1915+105. The so-called rho class heartbeats occur as fast as every few seconds and as slow as ~100 seconds, tracing a loop in the hardness-intensity diagram which resembles that previously seen in GRS 1915+105. However, while GRS 1915+105 traverses this loop clockwise, IGR J17091-3624 does so in the opposite sense. We briefly discuss our findings in the context of the models proposed for GRS 1915+105 and find that either all models requiring near Eddington luminosities for GRS 1915+105-like variability fail, or IGR J17091-3624 lies at a distance well in excess of 20 kpc or, it harbors one of the least massive black holes known (< 3 M_sun).
We report the discovery of 8.5 sigma high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) at 66 Hz in the RXTE data of the black hole candidate IGR J17091-3624, a system whose X-ray properties are very similar to those of microquasar GRS 1915+105. The centroid frequency of the strongest peak is ~66 Hz, its quality factor above 5 and its rms is between 4 and 10%. We found a possible additional peak at 164 Hz when selecting a subset of data; however, at 4.5 sigma level we consider this detection marginal. These QPOs have hard spectrum and are stronger in observations performed between September and October 2011, during which IGR J17091-3624 displayed for the first time light curves which resemble those of the gamma variability class in GRS 1915+105. We find that the 66 Hz QPO is also present in previous observations (4.5 sigma), but only when averaging ~235 ksec of relatively high count rate data. The fact that the HFQPOs frequency in IGR J17091-3624 matches surprisingly well that seen in GRS 1915+105 raises questions on the mass scaling of QPOs frequency in these two systems. We discuss some possible interpretations, however, they all strongly depend on the distance and mass of IGR J17091-3624, both completely unconstrained today.
{it Chandra} spectroscopy of transient stellar-mass black holes in outburst has clearly revealed accretion disk winds in soft, disk--dominated states, in apparent anti-correlation with relativistic jets in low/hard states. These disk winds are observed to be highly ionized, dense, and to have typical velocities of $sim$1000 km/s or less projected along our line of sight. Here, we present an analysis of two {it Chandra} High Energy Transmission Grating spectra of the Galactic black hole candidate IGR J17091$-$3624 and contemporaneous EVLA radio observations, obtained in 2011. The second {it Chandra} observation reveals an absorption line at 6.91$pm$0.01 keV; associating this line with He-like Fe XXV requires a blue-shift of $9300^{+500}_{-400}$ km/s (0.03$c$, or the escape velocity at 1000 R$_{Schw}$). This projected outflow velocity is an order of magnitude higher than has previously been observed in stellar-mass black holes, and is broadly consistent with some of the fastest winds detected in active galactic nuclei. A potential feature at 7.32 keV, if due to Fe XXVI, would imply a velocity of $sim 14600$ km/s (0.05$c$), but this putative feature is marginal. Photoionization modeling suggests that the accretion disk wind in IGR J17091$-$3624 may originate within 43,300 Schwarzschild radii of the black hole, and may be expelling more gas than accretes. The contemporaneous EVLA observations strongly indicate that jet activity was indeed quenched at the time of our {it Chandra} observations. We discuss the results in the context of disk winds, jets, and basic accretion disk physics in accreting black hole systems.
We present here the main characteristics of the BHC IGR J17091-3624 outbursts occurred several times since 1994. Since 2003, the source has been extensively observed by INTEGRAL and Swift. In particular, we report results on the last 2011 outburst that showed a rare variability behaviour observed before only in the galactic BH GRS 1915+105 but at a different level of flux. Several hypotheses have been proposed in order to explain this particular behaviour. They are all discussed here, in the light of their apparent contradiction. Finally, based on all available informations, we attempt to give an overall view of this enigmatic source and we speculate on the evolutionary state of the binary system.
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