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Register a new userUltra-high Q whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonators: properties and applications
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Highly prolate-shaped whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonators have recently attracted considerable attention due to their advantageous properties. We experimentally show that such resonators offer ultra-high quality factors, microscopic mode volumes, and near lossless in- and out-coupling of light using ultra-thin optical fibers. Additionally, bottle microresonators have a simple and customizable mode structure. This enables full tunability using mechanical strain and simultaneous coupling of two ultra-thin coupling fibers in an add-drop configuration. We present two applications based on these characteristics: In a cavity quantum electrodynamics experiment, we actively stabilize the frequency of the bottle microresonator to an atomic transition and operate it in an ultra-high vacuum environment in order to couple single laser-cooled atoms to the resonator mode. In a second experiment, we show that the bottle microresonator can be used as a low-loss, narrow-band add-drop filter. Using the Kerr effect of the silica resonator material, we furthermore demonstrate that this device can be used for single-wavelength all-optical signal processing.
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We review our recent work on tunable, ultrahigh quality factor whispering-gallery-mode bottle microresonators and highlight their applications in nonlinear optics and in quantum optics experiments. Our resonators combine ultra-high quality factors of up to Q = 3.6 times 10^8, a small mode volume, and near-lossless fiber coupling, with a simple and customizable mode structure enabling full tunability. We study, theoretically and experimentally, nonlinear all-optical switching via the Kerr effect when the resonator is operated in an add-drop configuration. This allows us to optically route a single-wavelength cw optical signal between two fiber ports with high efficiency. Finally, we report on progress towards strong coupling of single rubidium atoms to an ultra-high Q mode of an actively stabilized bottle microresonator.
We have experimentally demonstrated an on-chip all-silk fibroin whispering gallery mode microresonator by using a simple molding and solution-casting technique. The quality factors of the fabricated silk protein microresonators are up to 10^5. A high-sensitivity thermal sensor was realized in this silk fibroin microtoroid with sensitivity of 1.17 nm/K, 8 times higher than previous WGM resonator based thermal sensors. This opens the way to fabricate biodegradable and biocompatible protein based microresonators on a flexible chip for biophotonics applications.
Recently optical whispering-gallery-mode resonators (WGMRs) have emerged as promising platforms to achieve label-free detection of nanoscale objects and to reach single molecule sensitivity. The ultimate detection performance of WGMRs are limited by energy dissipation in the material they are fabricated from. Up to date, to improve detection limit, either rare-earth ions are doped into the WGMR to compensate losses or plasmonic resonances are exploited for their superior field confinement. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, enhanced detection of single-nanoparticle induced mode-splitting in a silica WGMR via Raman-gain assisted loss-compensation and WGM Raman lasing. Notably, we detected and counted individual dielectric nanoparticles down to a record low radius of 10 nm by monitoring a beatnote signal generated when split Raman lasing lines are heterodyne-mixed at a photodetector. This dopant-free scheme retains the inherited biocompatibility of silica, and could find widespread use for sensing in biological media. It also opens the possibility of using intrinsic Raman or parametric gain in other systems, where dissipation hinders the progress of the field and limits applications.
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are compelling optical devices, however they are nearly unexplored in the terahertz (THz) domain. In this letter, we report on THz WGMs in quartz glass bubble resonators with sub-wavelength wall thickness. An unprecedented study of both the amplitude and phase of THz WGMs is presented. The coherent THz frequency domain measurements are in excellent agreement with a simple analytical model and results from numerical simulations. A high finesse of 9 and a quality (Q) factor exceeding 440 at 0.47 THz are observed. Due to the large evanescent field the high Q-factor THz WGM bubble resonators can be used as a compact, highly sensitive sensor in the intriguing THz frequency range.
We report on the first experimental demonstration of terahertz (THz) whispering-gallery modes (WGMs) with an ultra high quality (Q) factor of $1.5 times {10}^{4}$ at 0.62THz. The WGMs are observed in a high resistivity float zone silicon (HRFZ-Si) spherical resonator coupled to a sub-wavelength silica waveguide. A detailed analysis of the coherent continuous wave (CW) THz spectroscopy measurements combined with a numerical model based on Mie-Debye-Aden-Kerker (MDAK) theory allows to unambiguously identify the observed higher order radial THz WGMs.
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