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Register a new userInternational X-ray Observatory (IXO) Assessment Study Report for the ESA Cosmic Vision 2015-2025
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The International X-Ray Observatory (IXO) will address fundamental questions in astrophysics, including When did the first SMBH form? How does large scale structure evolve? What happens close to a black hole? What is the connection between these processes? What is the equation of state of matter at supra-nuclear density? This report presents an overview of the assessment study phase of the IXO candidate ESA L-class Cosmic Vision mission. We provide a description of the IXO science objectives, the mission implementation and the payload. The performance will offer more than an order of magnitude improvement in capability compared with Chandra and XMM-Newton. This observatory-class facility comprises a telescope with highly nested grazing incidence optics with a performance requirement of 2.5 sq.m. of effective area at 1.25 keV with a 5 PSF. There is an instrument complement that provides capabilities in imaging, spatially resolved spectroscopy, timing, polarimetry and high resolution dispersive spectroscopy. Since earlier submissions to the Astro2010 Decadal Survey, substantial technological progress has been made, particularly in the mirror development. Risk reduction measures and important programmatic choices have also been identified. An independent internal Technical and Programmatic Review has also been carried out by ESA, concluding with positive recommendations. Subject to successful conclusion of agreements between the partner space agencies, IXO is fully ready to proceed to further definition, moving towards an eventual launch in 2021-2022.
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Athena is an X-ray observatory-class mission concept, developed from April to December 2011 as a result of the reformulation exercise for L-class mission proposals in the framework of ESAs Cosmic Vision 2015-2025. Athenas science case is that of the Universe of extremes, from Black Holes to Large-scale structure. The specific science goals are structured around three main pillars: Black Holes and accretion physics, Cosmic feedback and Large-scale structure of the Universe. Underpinning these pillars, the study of hot astrophysical plasmas offered by Athena broadens its scope to virtually all corners of Astronomy. The Athena concept consists of two co-aligned X-ray telescopes, with focal length 12 m, angular resolution of 10 or better, and totalling an effective area of 1 m2 at 1 keV (0.5 m2 at 6 keV). At the focus of one of the telescopes there is a Wide Field Imager (WFI) providing a field of view of 24times 24, 150 eV spectral resolution at 6 keV, and high count rate capability. At the focus of the other telescope there is the X-ray Microcalorimeter Spectrometer (XMS), a cryogenic instrument offering a spectral resolution of 3 eV over a field of view of 2.3 times 2.3. Although Athena has not been selected as ESAs Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 L1 mission, its science goals and concept conform the basis of what should become ESAs X-ray astronomy flagship.
Contributions of the Pierre Auger Collaboration to the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 30 July - 6 August 2015, The Hague, The Netherlands
We have conducted three searches for correlations between ultra-high energy cosmic rays detected by the Telescope Array and the Pierre Auger Observatory, and high-energy neutrino candidate events from IceCube. Two cross-correlation analyses with UHECRs are done: one with 39 cascades from the IceCube `high-energy starting events sample and the other with 16 high-energy `track events. The angular separation between the arrival directions of neutrinos and UHECRs is scanned over. The same events are also used in a separate search using a maximum likelihood approach, after the neutrino arrival directions are stacked. To estimate the significance we assume UHECR magnetic deflections to be inversely proportional to their energy, with values $3^circ$, $6^circ$ and $9^circ$ at 100 EeV to allow for the uncertainties on the magnetic field strength and UHECR charge. A similar analysis is performed on stacked UHECR arrival directions and the IceCube sample of through-going muon track events which were optimized for neutrino point-source searches.
Contributions from the IceCube Collaboration presented at the 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference, 24 July - 1 August 2019, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
The International X-ray Observatory (IXO) is a joint ESA-JAXA-NASA effort to address fundamental and timely questions in astrophysics: What happens close to a black hole? How did supermassive black holes grow? How does large scale structure form? What is the connection between these processes? To address these questions IXO will employ optics with 3 sq m collecting area and 5 arc sec angular resolution - 20 times more collecting area at 1 keV than any previous X-ray observatory. Focal plane instruments will deliver a 100-fold increase in effective area for high-resolution spectroscopy, deep spectral imaging over a wide field of view, unprecedented polarimetric sensitivity, microsecond spectroscopic timing, and high count rate capability. The mission is being planned for launch in 2021 to an L2 orbit, with a five-year lifetime and consumables for 10 years.
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