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The constituent quark number scaling of elliptic flow is studied in a non-equilibrium hadronization and freeze-out model with rapid dynamical transition from ideal, deconfined and chirally symmetric Quark Gluon Plasma, to final non-interacting hadrons. In this transition a Bag model of constituent quarks is considered, where the quarks gain constituent quark mass while the background Bag-field breaks up and vanishes. The constituent quarks then recombine into simplified hadron states, while chemical, thermal and flow equilibrium break down one after the other. In this scenario the resulting temperatures and flow velocities of baryons and mesons are different. Using a simplified few source model of the elliptic flow, we are able to reproduce the constituent quark number scaling, with assumptions on the details of the non-equilibrium processes.
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Nonextensive statistics in a Blast-Wave model (TBW) is implemented to describe the identified hadron production in relativistic p+p and nucleus-nucleus collisions. Incorporating the core and corona components within the TBW formalism allows us to describe simultaneously some of the major observations in hadronic observables at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC): the Number of Constituent Quark Scaling (NCQ), the large radial and elliptic flow, the effect of gluon saturation and the suppression of hadron production at high transverse momentum (pT) due to jet quenching. In this formalism, the NCQ scaling at RHIC appears as a consequence of non-equilibrium process. Our study also provides concise reference distributions with a least chi2 fit of the available experimental data for future experiments and models.
We present a relativistic constituent-quark model that covers all known baryons from the nucleon up to $Omega_{bbb}$. The corresponding invariant mass operator includes a linear confinement and a hyperfine interaction based on effective degrees of freedom. The model provides for a unified description of practically all baryon spectra in good agreement with present phenomenology and it can tentatively be employed for the relativistic treatment of all kinds of baryon reactions. Predictions of states still missing in the phenomenological data base, especially in the lesser explored heavy-flavor sectors of charm and bottom baryons, should be important especially for future experiments in these areas.
The recently discovered $P_c(4380)^+$ and $P_c(4450)^+$ states at LHCb have masses close to the $bar DSigma_c^*$ and $bar D^*Sigma_c$ thresholds, respectively, which suggest that they may have significant meson-baryon molecular components. We analyze these states in the framework of a constituent quark model which has been applied to a wide range of hadronic observables, being the model parameters, therefore, completely constrained. The $P_c(4380)^+$ and $P_c(4450)^+$ are studied as molecular states composed by charmed baryons and open charm mesons. Several bound states with the proper binding energy are found in the $bar DSigma_c^*$ and $bar D^*Sigma_c$ channels. We discuss the possible assignments of these states from their decay widths. Moreover, two more states are predicted, associated with the $bar DSigma_c$ and $bar D^* Sigma_c^*$ thresholds.
We calculate the matrix elements of the color-spin interaction for all possible multi-quark states of tribaryons in flavor SU(3) broken case. For that purpose, we construct the flavor$otimes$color$otimes$spin wave functions of the tribaryons, which are taken to be antisymmetric to satisfy the Pauli exclusion principle. Furthermore, we analyze the diquark structure of the tribaryon configurations using the symmetric and antisymmetric basis set of flavor, color and spin states.
Constituent quark masses can be determined quite well from experimental data in several ways and one can obtain fairly accurate values for all six $m_q$. The strong quark-meson coupling $g=2pi /sqrt{3}$ arises from the quark-level linear $sigma$ model, whereas $e$ and $sintheta_w$ arise from weak interactions when the heavy $M_W$ and $M_Z$ are regarded as resonances in analogy with the strong KSFR relation. The Higgs boson mass, tied to null expectation value of charged Higgs components, is found to be around 317 GeV. Finally, the experimental CPV phase angle $delta$ and the three CKM angles $Theta_c, Theta_2, Theta_3$ are successfully deduced from the 6 constituent quark masses following Fritzschs approach.
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