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Register a new userImpact of spin-orbit coupling on the Holstein polaron
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We utilize an exact variational numerical procedure to calculate the ground state properties of a polaron in the presence of a Rashba-like spin orbit interaction. Our results corroborate with previous work performed with the Momentum Average approximation and with weak coupling perturbation theory. We find that spin orbit coupling increases the effective mass in the regime with weak electron phonon coupling, and decreases the effective mass in the intermediate and strong electron phonon coupling regime. Analytical strong coupling perturbation theory results confirm our numerical results in the small polaron regime. A large amount of spin orbit coupling can lead to a significant lowering of the polaron effective mass.
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We study Holstein polarons in three-dimensional anisotropic materials. Using a variational exact diagonalization technique we provide highly accurate results for the polaron mass and polaron radius. With these data we discuss the differences between polaron formation in dimension one and three, and at small and large phonon frequency. Varying the anisotropy we demonstrate how a polaron evolves from a one-dimensional to a three-dimensional quasiparticle. We thereby resolve the issue of polaron stability in quasi-one-dimensional substances and clarify to what extent such polarons can be described as one-dimensional objects. We finally show that even the local Holstein interaction leads to an enhancement of anisotropy in charge carrier motion.
The behavior of the 1D Holstein polaron is described, with emphasis on lattice coarsening effects, by distinguishing between adiabatic and nonadiabatic contributions to the local correlations and dispersion properties. The original and unifying systematization of the crossovers between the different polaron behaviors, usually considered in the literature, is obtained in terms of quantum to classical, weak coupling to strong coupling, adiabatic to nonadiabatic, itinerant to self-trapped polarons and large to small polarons. It is argued that the relationship between various aspects of polaron states can be specified by five regimes: the weak-coupling regime, the regime of large adiabatic polarons, the regime of small adiabatic polarons, the regime of small nonadiabatic (Lang-Firsov) polarons, and the transitory regime of small pinned polarons for which the adiabatic and nonadiabatic contributions are inextricably mixed in the polaron dispersion properties. The crossovers between these five regimes are positioned in the parameter space of the Holstein Hamiltonian.
An Anderson model for a magnetic impurity in a two-dimensional electron gas with bulk Rashba spin-orbit interaction is solved using the numerical renormalization group under two different experimental scenarios. For a fixed Fermi energy, the Kondo temperature T_K varies weakly with Rashba coupling alpha, as reported previously. If instead the band filling is low and held constant, increasing alpha can drive the system into a helical regime with exponential enhancement of T_K. Under either scenario, thermodynamic properties at low temperatures T exhibit the same dependences on T/T_K as are found for alpha = 0. Unlike the conventional Kondo effect, however, the impurity exhibits static spin correlations with conduction electrons of nonzero orbital angular momentum about the impurity site. We also consider a magnetic field that Zeeman splits the conduction band but not the impurity level, an effective picture that arises under a proposed route to access the helical regime in a driven system. The impurity contribution to the systems ground-state angular momentum is found to be a universal function of the ratio of the Zeeman energy to a temperature scale that is not T_K (as would be the case in a magnetic field that couples directly to the impurity spin), but rather is proportional to T_K divided by the impurity hybridization width. This universal scaling is explained via a perturbative treatment of field-induced changes in the electronic density of states.
The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is a successful theory that provides sufficient criteria for ergodicity in quantum many-body systems. Most studies were carried out for Hamiltonians relevant for ultracold quantum gases and single-component systems of spins, fermions, or bosons. The paradigmatic example for thermalization in solid-state physics are phonons serving as a bath for electrons. This situation is often viewed from an open-quantum system perspective. Here, we ask whether a minimal microscopic model for electron-phonon coupling is quantum chaotic and whether it obeys ETH, if viewed as a closed quantum system. Using exact diagonalization, we address this question in the framework of the Holstein polaron model. Even though the model describes only a single itinerant electron, whose coupling to dispersionless phonons is the only integrability-breaking term, we find that the spectral statistics and the structure of Hamiltonian eigenstates exhibit essential properties of the corresponding random-matrix ensemble. Moreover, we verify the ETH ansatz both for diagonal and offdiagonal matrix elements of typical phonon and electron observables, and show that the ratio of their variances equals the value predicted from random-matrix theory.
We discuss polaron formation in disordered electron-phonon systems.
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