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Register a new userQuantized conductance of a suspended graphene nanoconstriction
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A yet unexplored area in graphene electronics is the field of quantum ballistic transport through graphene nanostructures. Recent developments in the preparation of high mobility graphene are expected to lead to the experimental verification and/or discovery of many new quantum mechanical effects in this field. Examples are effects due to specific graphene edges, such as spin polarization at zigzag edges of a graphene nanoribbon and the use of the valley degree of freedom in the field of graphene valleytronics8. As a first step in this direction we present the observation of quantized conductance at integer multiples of 2e^2/h at zero magnetic field and 4.2 K temperature in a high mobility suspended graphene ballistic nanoconstriction. This quantization evolves into the typical quantum Hall effect for graphene at magnetic fields above 60mT. Voltage bias spectroscopy reveals an energy spacing of 8 meV between the first two subbands. A pronounced feature at 0.6 2e^2/h present at a magnetic field as low as ~0.2T resembles the 0.7 anomaly observed in quantum point contacts in a GaAs-AlGaAs two dimensional electron gas, having a possible origin in electron-electron interactions.
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The universal quantization of thermal conductance provides information on the topological order of a state beyond electrical conductance. Such measurements have become possible only recently, and have discovered, in particular, that the value of the observed thermal conductance of the 5/2 state is not consistent with either the Pfaffian or the anti-Pfaffian model, motivating several theoretical articles. The analysis of the experiments has been made complicated by the presence of counter-propagating edge channels arising from edge reconstruction, an inevitable consequence of separating the dopant layer from the GaAs quantum well. In particular, it has been found that the universal quantization requires thermalization of downstream and upstream edge channels. Here we measure the thermal conductance in hexagonal boron nitride encapsulated graphene devices of sizes much smaller than the thermal relaxation length of the edge states. We find the quantization of thermal conductance within 5% accuracy for { u} = 1, 4/3, 2 and 6 plateaus and our results strongly suggest the absence of edge reconstruction for fractional quantum Hall in graphene, making it uniquely suitable for interference phenomena exploiting paths of exotic quasiparticles along the edge.
We report on the fabrication and characterization of an optimized comb-drive actuator design for strain-dependent transport measurements on suspended graphene. We fabricate devices from highly p-doped silicon using deep reactive ion etching with a chromium mask. Crucially, we implement a gold layer to reduce the device resistance from $approx51.6$ k$mathrm{Omega}$ to $approx236$ $mathrm{Omega}$ at room temperature in order to allow for strain-dependent transport measurements. The graphene is integrated by mechanically transferring it directly onto the actuator using a polymethylmethacrylate membrane. Importantly, the integrated graphene can be nanostructured afterwards to optimize device functionality. The minimum feature size of the structured suspended graphene is 30 nm, which allows for interesting device concepts such as mechanically-tunable nanoconstrictions. Finally, we characterize the fabricated devices by measuring the Raman spectrum as well as the a mechanical resonance frequency of an integrated graphene sheet for different strain values.
We have studied the interplay of an Anderson impurity in Landau quantized graphene, with special emphasis on the influence of the chemical potential. Within the slave-boson mean-field theory, we found reentrant Kondo behaviour by varying the chemical potential or gate voltage. Between Landau levels, the density of states is suppressed, and by changing the graphenes Fermi energy, we cross from metallic to semiconducting regions. Hence, the corresponding Kondo behaviour is also influenced. The f-level spectral function reveals both the presence of Landau levels in the conduction band and the Kondo resonance.
Graphene on ferroelectric structures can be promising candidates for advanced field effect transistors, modulators and electrical transducers, providing that research of their electrotransport and electromechanical performances can be lifted up from mostly empirical to prognostic theoretical level.Recently we have shown that alternating piezoelectric displacement of the ferroelectric domain surfaces can lead to the alternate stretching and separation of graphene areas at the steps between elongated and contracted domains, and the conductance of graphene channel can be increased essentially at room temperature, because electrons in the stretched section scatter on acoustic phonons.The piezoelectric mechanism of graphene conductance control requires systematic studies of the ambient condition impact on its manifestations. This theoretical work studies in details the temperature behavior of the graphene conductance changes induced by piezoelectric effect in a ferroelectric substrate with domain stripes.We revealed the possibility to control graphene conductance (that can change up to 100 times for PZT ferroelectric substrate) by tuning the ambient temperature from low values to the critical one for given gate voltage and channel length.Also we demonstrate the possibility to control graphene conductance changes up to one hundred of times by tuning the gate voltage from 0 to the critical value at a given temperature and channel length. Obtained results can be open the way towards graphene on ferroelectric applications in piezoresistive memories operating in a wide temperature range.
Majorana zero-modes (MZMs) are spatially-localized zero-energy fractional quasiparticles with non-Abelian braiding statistics that hold a great promise for topological quantum computing. Due to its particle-antiparticle equivalence, an MZM exhibits robust resonant Andreev reflection and 2e2/h quantized conductance at low temperature. By utilizing variable-tunnel-coupled scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we study tunneling conductance of vortex bound states on FeTe0.55Se0.45 superconductors. We report observations of conductance plateaus as a function of tunnel coupling for zero-energy vortex bound states with values close to or even reaching the 2e2/h quantum conductance. In contrast, no such plateau behaviors were observed on either finite energy Caroli-de Genne-Matricon bound states or in the continuum of electronic states outside the superconducting gap. This unique behavior of the zero-mode conductance reaching a plateau strongly supports the existence of MZMs in this iron-based superconductor, which serves as a promising single-material platform for Majorana braiding at a relatively high temperature.
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