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Register a new userTest of Lepton Flavour Universality in K+ --> l+nu Decays
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C. Lazzeroni et al.
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A precision test of lepton flavour universality has been performed by measuring the ratio RK of kaon leptonic decay rates K+ --> e+nu and K+ --> mu+nu in a sample of 59813 reconstructed K+ --> e+nu candidates with (8.71 +- 0.24)% background contamination. The result RK = (2.487 +- 0.013) * 10^{-5} is in agreement with the Standard Model expectation.
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The Standard Model of particle physics currently provides our best description of fundamental particles and their interactions. The theory predicts that the different charged leptons, the electron, muon and tau, have identical electroweak interaction strengths. Previous measurements have shown a wide range of particle decays are consistent with this principle of lepton universality. This article presents evidence for the breaking of lepton universality in beauty-quark decays, with a significance of 3.1 standard deviations, based on proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at CERNs Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are of processes in which a beauty meson transforms into a strange meson with the emission of either an electron and a positron, or a muon and an antimuon. If confirmed by future measurements, this violation of lepton universality would imply physics beyond the Standard Model, such as a new fundamental interaction between quarks and leptons.
We present a measurement of $R_{K^{ast}}$, the branching fraction ratio ${{cal B}(Bto K^ast mu^+ mu^-)}$/ ${{cal B}(Bto K^ast e^+ e^-)}$, for both charged and neutral $B$ mesons. The ratio for the charged case, $R_{K{^{ast +}}}$, is the first measurement ever performed. In addition, we report absolute branching fractions for the individual modes in bins of the squared dilepton invariant mass, $q^2$. The analysis is based on a data sample of $711~mathrm{fb}^{-1}$, containing $772times 10^{6}$ $Bbar B$ events, recorded at the $Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^+e^-$ collider. The obtained results are consistent with Standard Model expectations.
A test of lepton universality, performed by measuring the ratio of the branching fractions of the $B^{0} rightarrow K^{*0}mu^{+}mu^{-}$ and $B^{0} rightarrow K^{*0}e^{+}e^{-}$ decays, $R_{K^{*0}}$, is presented. The $K^{*0}$ meson is reconstructed in the final state $K^{+}pi^{-}$, which is required to have an invariant mass within 100$mathrm{,MeV}c^2$ of the known $K^{*}(892)^{0}$ mass. The analysis is performed using proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 3$mathrm{,fb}^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8$mathrm{,TeV}$. The ratio is measured in two regions of the dilepton invariant mass squared, $q^{2}$, to be begin{eqnarray*} R_{K^{*0}} = begin{cases} 0.66~^{+~0.11}_{-~0.07}mathrm{,(stat)} pm 0.03mathrm{,(syst)} & textrm{for } 0.045 < q^{2} < 1.1~mathrm{,GeV^2}c^4 , , 0.69~^{+~0.11}_{-~0.07}mathrm{,(stat)} pm 0.05mathrm{,(syst)} & textrm{for } 1.1phantom{00} < q^{2} < 6.0~mathrm{,GeV^2}c^4 , . end{cases} end{eqnarray*} The corresponding 95.4% confidence level intervals are $[0.52, 0.89]$ and $[0.53, 0.94]$. The results, which represent the most precise measurements of $R_{K^{*0}}$ to date, are compatible with the Standard Model expectations at the level of 2.1--2.3 and 2.4--2.5 standard deviations in the two $q^{2}$ regions, respectively.
We present measurements of the branching fractions for the decays $Bto K mu^{+}mu^{-}$ and $Bto K e^{+}e^{-}$, and their ratio ($R_{K}$), using a data sample of 711 $fb^{-1}$ that contains $772 times 10^{6}$ $Bbar{B}$ events. The data were collected at the $Upsilon(4S)$ resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $e^{+}e^{-}$ collider. The ratio $R_{K}$ is measured in five bins of dilepton invariant-mass-squared ($q^{2}$): $q^{2} in (0.1, 4.0), (4.0, 8.12), (1.0, 6.0)$, $(10.2, 12.8)$ and ($>14.18) GeV^{2}/c^{4}$, along with the whole $q^2$ region. The $R_{K}$ value for $q^{2} in (1.0, 6.0) GeV^{2}/c^{4}$ is $1.03^{+0.28}_{-0.24} pm 0.01$. The first and second uncertainties listed are statistical and systematic, respectively. All results for $R_{K}$ are consistent with Standard Model predictions. We also measure $C!P$-averaged isospin asymmetries in the same $q^{2}$ bins. The results are consistent with a null asymmetry, with the largest difference of 2.6 standard deviations occurring for the $q^{2}in(1.0,6.0) GeV^{2}/c^{4}$ bin in the mode with muon final states. The measured differential branching fractions, ${dcal B}/{dq^{2}}$, are consistent with theoretical predictions for charged $B$ decays, while the corresponding values are below the expectations for neutral $B$ decays. We have also searched for lepton-flavor-violating $B rightarrow Kmu^{pm}e^{mp}$ decays and set $90%$ confidence-level upper limits on the branching fraction in the range of $10^{-8}$ for $B^{+} rightarrow K^{+}mu^{pm}e^{mp}$, and $B^{0} rightarrow K^{0}mu^{pm}e^{mp}$ modes.
The coupling of the electroweak gauge bosons of the Standard Model (SM) to leptons is flavour universal. Extensions of the SM do not necessarily have this property. Rare decays of heavy flavour are suppressed in the SM and new particles may give sizeable contributions to these processes, therefore, their precise study allows for sensitive tests of lepton flavour universality. Of particular interest are rare b to sll decays that are well accessible at the LHCb experiment. Recent results from LHCb on lepton flavour universality in rare b to sll decays are discussed.
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