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Register a new userA Multi Megawatt Cyclotron Complex to Search for CP Violation in the Neutrino Sector
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A Multi Megawatt Cyclotron complex able to accelerate H2+ to 800 MeV/amu is under study. It consists of an injector cyclotron able to accelerate the injected beam up to 50 MeV/n and of a booster ring made of 8 magnetic sectors and 8 RF cavities. The magnetic field and the forces on the superconducting coils are evaluated using the 3-D code OPERA. The injection and extraction trajectories are evaluated using the well tested codes developed by the MSU group in the 80s. The advantages to accelerate H2+ are described and preliminary evaluations on the feasibility and expected problems to build the injector cyclotron and the ring booster are here presented.
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A new approach to search for CP violation in the neutrino sector [1,2] is proposed by the experiment called DAE{delta}ALUS (Decay At rest Experiment for {delta}cp At Laboratory for Underground Science). DAE{delta}ALUS needs three sources of neutrino fluxes, each one located at 1.5, 8 and 20 km from the underground detector. Here we present the study for a Superconducting Ring Cyclotron able to accelerate the H2+ molecules and to deliver proton beam with maximum energy of 800 MeV and the required high power. The magnetic field produced by the proposed superconducting magnetic sector, simulated by the code TOSCA, the isochronous magnetic field, some preliminary feature on the beam dynamic and the magnetic forces acting on the coils are here presented.
DAEdALUS, a Decay-At-rest Experiment for delta_CP studies At the Laboratory for Underground Science, provides a new approach to the search for CP violation in the neutrino sector. The design utilizes low-cost, high-power proton accelerators under development for commercial uses. These provide neutrino beams with energy up to 52 MeV from pion and muon decay-at-rest. The experiment searches for aninu_mu to antinu_e at short baselines corresponding to the atmospheric Delta m^2 region. The antinu_e will be detected, via inverse beta decay, in the 300 kton fiducial-volume Gd-doped water Cherenkov neutrino detector proposed for the Deep Underground Science and Engineering Laboratory (DUSEL). DAEdALUS opens new opportunities for DUSEL. It provides a high-statistics, low-background alternative for CP violation searches which matches the capability of the conventional long-baseline neutrino experiment, LBNE. Because of the complementary designs, when DAEdALUS antineutrino data are combined with LBNE neutrino data, the sensitivity of the CP-violation search improves beyond any present proposals, including the proposal for Project X. Also, the availability of an on-site neutrino beam opens opportunities for additional physics, both for the presently planned DUSEL detectors and for new experiments at a future 300 ft campus.
Very intense neutrino beams and large neutrino detectors will be needed to enable the discovery of CP violation in the leptonic sector. The European Spallation Source (ESS), currently under construction in Lund, Sweden, is a research center that will provide, by 2023, the worlds most powerful neutron source. The average power will be 5 MW. Pulsing this linac at higher frequency, at the same instantaneous power, will make it possible to raise the average beam power to 10 MW to produce, in parallel with the spallation neutron production, a high performance neutrino Super Beam of about 0.4 GeV mean neutrino energy. The ESS neutrino Super Beam, ESSnuSB, operated with a 2.0 GeV linac proton beam, together with a large underground Water Cherenkov detector located at 540 km from Lund, close to the second oscillation maximum, will make it possible to discover leptonic CP violation at 5 sigma significance level in 56 percent (65 percent for an upgrade to 2.5 GeV beam energy) of the leptonic Dirac CP-violating phase range after 10 years of data taking. The paper gives an overview of the proposed facility and presents the outstanding physics reach possible for CP violation with ESSnuSB.
A new experiment with an intense ~2 GeV neutrino beam at CERN SPS is proposed in order to definitely clarify the possible existence of additional neutrino states, as pointed out by neutrino calibration source experiments, reactor and accelerator experiments and measure the corresponding oscillation parameters. The experiment is based on two identical LAr-TPCs complemented by magnetized spectrometers detecting electron and muon neutrino events at Far and Near positions, 1600 m and 300 m from the proton target, respectively. The ICARUS T600 detector, the largest LAr-TPC ever built with a size of about 600 ton of imaging mass, now running in the LNGS underground laboratory, will be moved at the CERN Far position. An additional 1/4 of the T600 detector (T150) will be constructed and located in the Near position. Two large area spectrometers will be placed downstream of the two LAr-TPC detectors to perform charge identification and muon momentum measurements from sub-GeV to several GeV energy range, greatly complementing the physics capabilities. This experiment will offer remarkable discovery potentialities, collecting a very large number of unbiased events both in the neutrino and antineutrino channels, largely adequate to definitely settle the origin of the observed neutrino-related anomalies.
One of the main goals of the Long Baseline Neutrino Oscillation experiment (LBNO) experiment is to study the L/E behaviour of the electron neutrino appearance probability in order to determine the unknown phase $delta_{CP}$. In the standard neutrino 3-flavour mixing paradigm, this parameter encapsulates a possibility of a CP violation in the lepton sector that in turn could help explain the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe. In LBNO, the measurement of $delta_{CP}$ would rely on the observation of the electron appearance probability in a broad energy range covering the 1$^{st}$ and 2$^{nd}$ maxima of the oscillation probability. An optimization of the energy spectrum of the neutrino beam is necessary to find the best coverage of the neutrino energies of interest. This in general is a complex task that requires exploring a large parameter space describing hadron target and beamline focusing elements. In this paper we will present a numerical approach of finding a solution to this difficult optimization problem often encountered in design of modern neutrino beamlines and we will show the improved LBNO sensitivity to the presence of the leptonic CP violation attained after the neutrino beam optimization.
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