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Register a new userMass profiles and concentration-dark matter relation in X-ray luminous galaxy clusters
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(Abriged) Assuming that the hydrostatic equilibrium holds between the intracluster medium and the gravitational potential, we constrain the NFW profiles in a sample of 44 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters observed with XMM-Newton in the redshift range 0.1-0.3. We evaluate several systematic uncertainties that affect our reconstruction of the X-ray masses. We measure the concentration c200, the dark mass M200 and the gas mass fraction within R500 in all the objects of our sample, providing the largest dataset of mass parameters for galaxy clusters in this redshift range. We confirm that a tight correlation between c200 and M200 is present and in good agreement with the predictions from numerical simulations and previous observations. When we consider a subsample of relaxed clusters that host a Low-Entropy-Core (LEC), we measure a flatter c-M relation with a total scatter that is lower by 40 per cent. From the distribution of the estimates of c200 and M200, with associated statistical (15-25%) and systematic (5-15%) errors, we use the predicted values from semi-analytic prescriptions calibrated through N-body numerical runs and measure sigma_8*Omega_m^(0.60+-0.03)= 0.45+-0.01 (at 2 sigma level, statistical only) for the subsample of the clusters where the mass reconstruction has been obtained more robustly, and sigma_8*Omega_m^(0.56+-0.04) = 0.39+-0.02 for the subsample of the 11 more relaxed LEC objects. With the further constraint from the fgas distribution in our sample, we break the degeneracy in the sigma_8-Omega_m plane and obtain the best-fit values sigma_8~1.0+-0.2 (0.75+-0.18 when the subsample of the more relaxed objects is considered) and Omega_m = 0.26+-0.01.
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Galaxy clusters are the most recent, gravitationally-bound products of the hierarchical mass accretion over cosmological scales. How the mass is concentrated is predicted to correlate with the total mass in the clusters halo, with systems at higher mass being less concentrated at given redshift and for any given mass, systems with lower concentration are found at higher redshifts. Through a spatial and spectral X-ray analysis, we reconstruct the total mass profile of 47 galaxy clusters observed with Chandra in the redshift range $0.4<z<1.2$, selected to have no major mergers, to investigate the relation between the mass and the dark matter concentration, and the evolution of this relation with redshift. The sample in exam is the largest one investigated so far at $z>0.4$, and is well suited to provide the first constraint on the concentration--mass relation at $z>0.7$ from X-ray analysis. Under the assumptions that the distribution of the X-ray emitting gas is spherically symmetric and in hydrostatic equilibrium, we combine the deprojected gas density and spectral temperature profiles through the hydrostatic equilibrium equation to recover the parameters that describe a NFW total mass distribution. The comparison with results from weak lensing analysis reveals a very good agreement both for masses and concentrations. Uncertainties are however too large to make any robust conclusion on the hydrostatic bias of these systems. The relation is well described by the form $c propto M^B (1+z)^C$, with $B=-0.50 pm 0.20$, $C=0.12 pm 0.61$ (at 68.3% confidence), it is slightly steeper than the one predicted by numerical simulations ($Bsim-0.1$) and does not show any evident redshift evolution. We obtain the first constraints on the properties of the concentration--mass relation at $z > 0.7$ from X-ray data, showing a reasonable good agreement with recent numerical predictions.
We present the radial distribution of the dark matter in two massive, X-ray luminous galaxy clusters, Abell~2142 and Abell~2319, and compare it with the quantity predicted as apparent manifestation of the baryonic mass in the context of the Emergent Gravity scenario, recently suggested from Verlinde (2016). Thanks to the observational strategy of the xmm Cluster Outskirt Programme (X-COP), using the X-ray emission mapped with xmm and the SZ signal in the Planck survey, we recover the gas density, temperature and thermal pressure profiles up to $sim R_{200}$, allowing to constrain at unprecedented level the total mass through the hydrostatic equilibrium equation. We show that, also including systematic uncertainties related to the X-ray based mass modelling, the apparent dark matter shows a radial profile that has a shape different from the traditional dark matter distribution, with larger discrepancies (by a factor 2--3) in the inner ($r<200$ kpc) clusters regions and a remarkable agreement only across $R_{500}$.
We review the methods adopted to reconstruct the mass profiles in X-ray luminous galaxy clusters. We discuss the limitations and the biases affecting these measurements and how these mass profiles can be used as cosmological proxies.
We present a new determination of the concentration-mass relation for galaxy clusters based on our comprehensive lensing analysis of 19 X-ray selected galaxy clusters from the Cluster Lensing and Supernova Survey with Hubble (CLASH). Our sample spans a redshift range between 0.19 and 0.89. We combine weak lensing constraints from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and from ground-based wide field data with strong lensing constraints from HST. The result are reconstructions of the surface-mass density for all CLASH clusters on multi-scale grids. Our derivation of NFW parameters yields virial masses between 0.53 x 10^15 and 1.76 x 10^15 M_sol/h and the halo concentrations are distributed around c_200c ~ 3.7 with a 1-sigma significant negative trend with cluster mass. We find an excellent 4% agreement between our measured concentrations and the expectation from numerical simulations after accounting for the CLASH selection function based on X-ray morphology. The simulations are analyzed in 2D to account for possible biases in the lensing reconstructions due to projection effects. The theoretical concentration-mass (c-M) relation from our X-ray selected set of simulated clusters and the c-M relation derived directly from the CLASH data agree at the 90% confidence level.
We present the reconstruction of hydrostatic mass profiles in 13 X-ray luminous galaxy clusters that have been mapped in their X-ray and SZ signal out to $R_{200}$ for the XMM-Newton Cluster Outskirts Project (X-COP). Using profiles of the gas temperature, density and pressure that have been spatially resolved out to (median value) 0.9 $R_{500}$, 1.8 $R_{500}$, and 2.3 $R_{500}$, respectively, we are able to recover the hydrostatic gravitating mass profile with several methods and using different mass models. The hydrostatic masses are recovered with a relative (statistical) median error of 3% at $R_{500}$ and 6% at $R_{200}$. By using several different methods to solve the equation of the hydrostatic equilibrium, we evaluate some of the systematic uncertainties to be of the order of 5% at both $R_{500}$ and $R_{200}$. A Navarro-Frenk-White profile provides the best-fit in nine cases out of 13, with the remaining four cases that do not show a statistically significant tension with it. The distribution of the mass concentration follows the correlations with the total mass predicted from numerical simulations with a scatter of 0.18 dex, with an intrinsic scatter on the hydrostatic masses of 0.15 dex. We compare them with the estimates of the total gravitational mass obtained through X-ray scaling relations applied to $Y_X$, gas fraction and $Y_{SZ}$, and from weak lensing and galaxy dynamics techniques, and measure a substantial agreement with the results from scaling laws, from WL at both $R_{500}$ and $R_{200}$ (with differences below 15%), from cluster velocity dispersions, but a significant tension with the caustic masses that tend to underestimate the hydrostatic masses by 40% at $R_{200}$. We also compare these measurements with predictions from alternative models to the Cold Dark Matter, like the Emergent Gravity and MOND scenarios.
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