We discuss the resummation of the large logarithmic terms appearing in the heavy quark effects on parton distribution functions inside the virtual photon. We incorporate heavy quark mass effects by changing the initial condition of the leading-order DGLAP evolution equation. In a certain kinematical limit, we recover the logarithmic terms of the next-to-leading order heavy quark effects obtained in the previous work. This method enables us to resum the large logarithmic terms due to heavy quark mass effects on the parton distributions in the virtual photon. We numerically calculate parton distributions using the formulae derived in this work, and discuss the property of the resummed heavy quark effects.
Previously published CTEQ6 parton distributions adopt the conventional zero-mass parton scheme; these sets are most appropriate for use with massless hard-scattering matrix elements commonly found in most physics applications. For precision observables which are sensitive to charm and bottom quark mass effects, we provide in this paper an additional CTEQ6HQ parton distribution set determined in the more general variable flavor number scheme which incorporates heavy flavor mass effects. The results are obtained by combining these parton distributions with consistently matched DIS structure functions computed in the same scheme. We describe the analysis procedure, examine the predominant features of the new distributions, and compare with previous distributions.
The systematic treatment of heavy quark mass effects in DIS in current CTEQ global analysis is summarized. Applications of this treatment to the comparison between theory and experimental data on DIS charm production are described. The possibility of intrinsic charm in the nucleon is studied. The issue of determining the charm mass in global analysis is discussed.
Differential distributions for heavy quark production depend on the heavy quark mass and other momentum scales, which can yield additional large logarithms and inhibit accurate predictions. Logarithms involving the heavy quark mass can be summed in heavy quark parton distribution functions in the ACOT factorization scheme. A second class of logarithms involving the heavy-quark transverse momentum can be summed using an extension of Collins-Soper-Sterman (CSS) formalism. We perform a systematic summation of logarithms of both types, thereby obtaining an accurate description of heavy-quark differential distributions at all energies. Our method essentially combines the ACOT and CSS approaches. As an example, we present angular distributions for bottom quarks produced in parity-conserving events at large momentum transfers Q at the ep collider HERA.
We investigated top quark effects on virtual photon structure functions by pQCD. We include the top quark mass effects on the virtual photon structure function with the quark parton model and with the operator product expansion up to the next-to-leading order in QCD. We also consider the threshold effect on the running coupling constant in the calculation to the effective photon structure function with a matching condition. The numerical calculations are investigated in the kinematical region expected at the future international linear collider.
We study the kinematic distributions of top--antitop quark pairs produced at the Tevatron, including the effects of initial state and final state multiple soft gluon emission, using the Collins--Soper--Sterman resummation formalism. The resummed results are compared with those predicted by the showering event generator PYTHIA for various distributions involving the top--antitop quark pair and the individual top quark or antiquark. The comparison between the experimental and predicted distributions will be a strong test of our understanding and application of perturbative QCD. Our results indicate that the showering event generators do not produce enough radiation. We reweight the PYTHIA distributions to agree with our resummed calculation, then use the reweighted events to better estimate the true hadronic activity in top--antitop quark pair production at hadron colliders.
Yoshio Kitadono
,Ryo Sahara
,Tsuneo Uematsu
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(2010)
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"Resummation of large logarithms in the heavy quark effects on the parton distributions inside the virtual photon"
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Yoshio Kitadono
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