No Arabic abstract
Combinatorial spiders are a model for the invariant space of the tensor product of representations. The basic objects, webs, are certain directed planar graphs with boundary; algebraic operations on representations correspond to graph-theoretic operations on webs. Kuperberg developed spiders for rank 2 Lie algebras and sl_2. Building on a result of Kuperbergs, Khovanov-Kuperberg found a recursive algorithm giving a bijection between standard Young tableaux of shape (n,n,n) and irreducible webs for sl_3 whose boundary vertices are all sources. In this paper, we give a simple and explicit map from standard Young tableaux of shape (n,n,n) to irreducible webs for sl_3 whose boundary vertices are all sources, and show that it is the same as Khovanov-Kuperbergs map. Our construction generalizes to some webs with both sources and sinks on the boundary. Moreover, it allows us to extend the correspondence between webs and tableaux in two ways. First, we provide a short, geometric proof of Petersen-Pylyavskyy-Rhoadess recent result that rotation of webs corresponds to jeu-de-taquin promotion on (n,n,n) tableaux. Second, we define another natural operation on tableaux called a shuffle, and show that it corresponds to the join of two webs. Our main tool is an intermediary object between tableaux and webs that we call an m-diagram. The construction of m-diagrams, like many of our results, applies to shapes of tableaux other than (n,n,n).
Let $p(n)$ denote the partition function. Desalvo and Pak proved the log-concavity of $p(n)$ for $n>25$ and the inequality $frac{p(n-1)}{p(n)}left(1+frac{1}{n}right)>frac{p(n)}{p(n+1)}$ for $n>1$. Let $r(n)=sqrt[n]{p(n)/n}$ and $Delta$ be the difference operator respect to $n$. Desalvo and Pak pointed out that their approach to proving the log-concavity of $p(n)$ may be employed to prove a conjecture of Sun on the log-convexity of ${r(n)}_{ngeq 61}$, as long as one finds an appropriate estimate of $Delta^2 log r(n-1)$. In this paper, we obtain a lower bound for $Delta^2log r(n-1)$, leading to a proof of this conjecture. From the log-convexity of ${r(n)}_{ngeq61}$ and ${sqrt[n]{n}}_{ngeq4}$, we are led to a proof of another conjecture of Sun on the log-convexity of ${sqrt[n]{p(n)}}_{ngeq27}$. Furthermore, we show that $limlimits_{n rightarrow +infty}n^{frac{5}{2}}Delta^2logsqrt[n]{p(n)}=3pi/sqrt{24}$. Finally, by finding an upper bound of $Delta^2 logsqrt[n-1]{p(n-1)}$, we prove an inequality on the ratio $frac{sqrt[n-1]{p(n-1)}}{sqrt[n]{p(n)}}$ analogous to the above inequality on the ratio $frac{p(n-1)}{p(n)}$.
In this short note, we first present a simple bijection between binary trees and colored ternary trees and then derive a new identity related to generalized Catalan numbers.
We discuss the effective Chern-Simons levels for 3d $mathcal{N}=2$ gauge theories and their relations to the relative angles between NS5-brane and NS5-brane. We find that turning on real masses for chiral multiplets leads to various equivalent brane webs that are related by flipping the sign of mass parameters. This flip can be interpreted as 3d mirror symmetry for abelian theories. Each of these webs has a corresponding mathematical quiver structure. We check the equivalence of vortex partition functions for these brane webs by implementing topological vertex method. In addition, we compute the vortex partition functions of nonabelian theories with gauge group $U(N)$ and find the associated quiver structures and brane webs. We find that on Higgs branch nonabelian brane webs are broken to abelian brane webs with gauge group $U(1)^{otimes N}$. We also discuss the Ooguri-Vafa invariants for nonabelian theories and the movement of flavor D5-branes that leads to equivalent brane webs.
Let $Asubset mathbb{N}^{n}$ be an $r$-wise $s$-union family, that is, a family of sequences with $n$ components of non-negative integers such that for any $r$ sequences in $A$ the total sum of the maximum of each component in those sequences is at most $s$. We determine the maximum size of $A$ and its unique extremal configuration provided (i) $n$ is sufficiently large for fixed $r$ and $s$, or (ii) $n=r+1$.
The production of eta mesons in photon- and hadron-induced reactions has been revisited in view of the recent additions of high-precision data to the world data base. Based on an effective Lagrangian approach, we have performed a combined analysis of the free and quasi-free gamma N -> eta N, N N -> N N eta, and pi N -> eta N reactions. Considering spin-1/2 and -3/2 resonances, we found that a set of above-threshold resonances {S_{11}, P_{11}, P_{13}}, with fitted mass values of about M_R=1925, 2130, and 2050 MeV, respectively, and the four-star sub-threshold P_{13}(1720) resonance reproduce best all existing data for the eta production processes in the resonance-energy region considered in this work. All three above-threshold resonances found in the present analysis are essential and indispensable for the good quality of the present fits.