Magnetoelectric susceptibility of a metamaterial built from split ring resonators have been investigated both experimentally and within an equivalent circuit model. The absolute values have been shown to exceed by two orders of magnitude that of classical magnetoelectric materials. The metamaterial investigated reaches the theoretically predicted value of the magnetoelectric susceptibility which is equal to the geometric average of the electric and magnetic susceptibilities.
Based upon the observations (i) that their in-plane lattice constants match almost perfectly and (ii) that their electronic structures overlap in reciprocal space for one spin direction only, we predict perfect spin filtering for interfaces between graphite and (111) fcc or (0001) hcp Ni or Co. The spin filtering is quite insensitive to roughness and disorder. The formation of a chemical bond between graphite and the open $d$-shell transition metals that might complicate or even prevent spin injection into a single graphene sheet can be simply prevented by dusting Ni or Co with one or a few monolayers of Cu while still preserving the ideal spin injection property.
Crystals of solid solutions Bi(1-x)R(x)FeO(3),here R= La, Dy, Gd, were obtained with x <=0.7. Solid solutions of the stated rare earths, as x is increased from 0 to 0.7, have one and the same sequence of five crystal structures (rhombohedral C3v 6, triclinic C1 1,orthorhombic D2 6,orthorhombic D2 5, orthorhombic C2v 9). The ferroelectric-paraelectric transition occurs in rhombohedral and triclinic crystals at T=810-560{deg}C.The high temperature modifications are orthorhombic and cubic. The orthorhombic structure C2v 9 holds up to 1180{deg}C.The ferroelectric domain structure was distinguished in all types of crystals. No magnetoelectric effect (MEE) was detected in the orthorhombic crystals with the D2 (222) symmetry class. But the mm2 crystals were found to have both quadratic and linear MEE.The value of the quadratic effect is considerably smaller than that ofthe linear one. Magnetoelectric hysteresis takes place in the crystals. The tensorial properties of the obtained crystals are analyzed from the viewpoint of crystal symmetry.
We demonstrate that there is a strong diamagnetic response of metamaterials, consisting of open or closed split ring resonators (SRRs). Detailed numerical work shows that for densely packed SRRs the magnetic permeability, $mu(omega)$, does not approach unity, as expected for frequencies lower and higher than the resonance frequency, $omega_0$. Below $omega_0$, $mu(omega)$ gives values ranging from 0.9 to 0.6 depending of the width of the metallic ring, while above $omega_0$, $mu(omega)$ is close to 0.5. Closed rings have $muapprox 0.5$ over a wide frequency range independently of the width of the ring. A simple model that uses the inner and outer current loop of the SRRs can easily explain theoretically this strong diamagnetic response, which can be used in magnetic levitation.
We present a new class of artificial materials which exhibit a tailored response to the electrical component of electromagnetic radiation. These electric metamaterials (EM-MMs) are investigated theoretically, computationally, and experimentally using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. These structures display a resonant response including regions of negative permittivity (epsilon < 0) ranging from ~500 GHz to 1 THz. Conventional electric media such as distributed wires are difficult to incorporate into metamaterials. In contrast, these new localized structures will simplify the construction of future metamaterials - including those with negative index of refraction - and will enhance the design and fabrication of functional THz devices.
The reason of the non-locality of constitutive (material) parameters extracted in a usual way from the reflection-transmission coefficients of composite slab at moderately low frequencies is explained. The physical meaning of these parameters is clarified. Local constitutive parameters of metamaterial lattices are discussed and their existence at moderate frequencies is demonstrated. It is shown how to extract local material parameters from the dispersion characteristics of an infinite lattice and from reflection and transmission coefficients of metamaterial layers.