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Register a new userAlgebraic Structures Derived from Foams
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Authors
J. Scott Carter
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Foams are surfaces with branch lines at which three sheets merge. They have been used in the categorification of sl(3) quantum knot invariants and also in physics. The 2D-TQFT of surfaces, on the other hand, is classified by means of commutative Frobenius algebras, where saddle points correspond to multiplication and comultiplication. In this paper, we explore algebraic operations that branch lines derive under TQFT. In particular, we investigate Lie bracket and bialgebra structures. Relations to the original Frobenius algebra structures are discussed both algebraically and diagrammatically.
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The main purpose of this article is to develop an explicit derived deformation theory of algebraic structures at a high level of generality, encompassing in a common framework various kinds of algebras (associative, commutative, Poisson...) or bialgebras (associative and coassociative, Lie, Frobenius...), that is algebraic structures parametrized by props. A central aspect is that we define and study moduli spaces of deformations of algebraic structures up to quasi-isomorphisms (and not just isotopies or isomorphisms). To do so, we implement methods coming from derived algebraic geometry, by encapsulating these deformation theories as classifying (pre)stacks with good infinitesimal properties and %derived formal geometry, by means of derived formal moduli problems and derived formal groups. In particular, we prove that the Lie algebra describing the deformation theory of an object in a given $infty$-category of dg algebras can be obtained equivalently as the tangent complex of loops on a derived quotient of this moduli space by the homotopy automorphims of this object. Moreover, we provide explicit formulae for such derived deformation problems of algebraic structures up to quasi-isomorphisms and relate them in a precise way to other standard deformation problems of algebraic structures. This relation is given by a fiber sequence of the associated dg-Lie algebras of their deformation complexes. Our results provide simultaneously a vast generalization of standard deformation theory of algebraic structures which is suitable (and needed) to set up algebraic deformation theory both at the $infty$-categorical level and at a higher level of generality than algebras over operads. In addition, we study a general criterion to compare formal moduli problems of different algebraic structures and apply our formalism to $E_n$-algebras and bialgebras.
We propose a two-parametric non-distributive algebraic structure that follows from $(q,q)$-logarithm and $(q,q)$-exponential functions. Properties of generalized $(q,q)$-operators are analyzed. We also generalize the proposal into a multi-parametric structure (generalization of logarithm and exponential functions and the corresponding algebraic operators). All $n$-parameter expressions recover $(n-1)$-generalization when the corresponding $q_nto1$. Nonextensive statistical mechanics has been the source of successive generalizations of entropic forms and mathematical structures, in which this work is a consequence.
For an arbitrary identity L=R between compositions of maps L and R on tensors of vector spaces V, a general construction of a 2-cocycle condition is given. These 2-cocycles correspond to those obtained in deformation theories of algebras. The construction is applied to a canceling pairings and copairings, with explicit examples with calculations. Relations to the Kauffman bracket and knot invariants are discussed.
We introduce the multiplexing of a crossing, replacing a classical crossing of a virtual link diagram with multiple crossings which is a mixture of classical and virtual. For integers $m_{i}$ $(i=1,ldots,n)$ and an ordered $n$-component virtual link diagram $D$, a new virtual link diagram $D(m_{1},ldots,m_{n})$ is obtained from $D$ by the multiplexing of all crossings. For welded isotopic virtual link diagrams $D$ and $D$, $D(m_{1},ldots,m_{n})$ and $D(m_{1},ldots,m_{n})$ are welded isotopic. From the point of view of classical link theory, it seems very interesting that $D(m_{1},ldots,m_{n})$ could not be welded isotopic to a classical link diagram even if $D$ is a classical one, and new classical link invariants are expected from known welded link invariants via the multiplexing of crossings.
We show that the sutured Khovanov homology of a balanced tangle in the product sutured manifold D x I has rank 1 if and only if the tangle is isotopic to a braid.
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