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Register a new userThe RHESSI Satellite and Classes of Gamma-ray Bursts
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Some articles based on the BATSE gamma-ray burst (GRB) catalog claim the existence of a third population of GRBs, besides long and short. In this contribution we wanted to verify these claims with an independent data source, namely the RHESSI GRB catalog. Our verification is based on the statistical analysis of duration and hardness ratio of GRBs. The result is that there is no significant third group of GRBs in our RHESSI GRB data-set.
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A sample of 427 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), measured by the RHESSI satellite, is studied statistically to determine the number of GRB groups. Previous studies based on the BATSE Catalog and recently on the Swift data claim the existence of an intermediate GRB group, besides the long and short groups. Using only the GRB durations T90 and chi^2 or F-test, we have not found any statistically significant intermediate group. However, the maximum likelihood ratio test, one-dimensional as well as two-dimensional hardness vs. T90 plane, reveal the reality of an intermediate group. Hence, the existence of this group follows not only from the BATSE and Swift datasets, but also from the RHESSI results.
Until 6 October 2005 sixteen redshifts have been measured of long gamma-ray bursts discovered by the Swift satellite. Further 45 redshifts have been measured of the long gamma-ray bursts discovered by other satellites. Here we perform five statistical tests comparing the redshift distributions of these two samples assuming - as the null hypothesis - identical distribution for the two samples. Three tests (Students $t$-test, Mann-Whitney test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) reject the null hypothesis on the significance levels between 97.19 and 98.55%. Two different comparisons of the medians show extreme $(99.78-99.99994)$% significance levels of rejection. This means that the redshifts of the Swift sample and the redshifts of the non-Swift sample are distributed differently - in the Swift sample the redshifts are on average larger. This statistical result suggests that the long GRBs should on average be at the higher redshifts of the Swift sample.
The duration of a gamma-ray burst (GRB) is a key indicator of its physics origin, with long bursts perhaps associated with the collapse of massive stars and short bursts with mergers of neutron stars.However, there is substantial overlap in the properties of both short and long GRBs and neither duration nor any other parameter so far considered completely separates the two groups. Here we unambiguously classify every GRB using a machine-learning, dimensionality-reduction algorithm, t-distributed stochastic neighborhood embedding (t-SNE), providing a catalog separating all Swift GRBs into two groups. Although the classification takes place only using prompt emission light curves,every burst with an associated supernova is found in the longer group and bursts with kilonovae in the short, suggesting along with the duration distributions that these two groups are truly long and short GRBs. Two bursts with a clear absence of a supernova belong to the longer class, indicating that these might have been direct-collapse black holes, a proposed phenomenon that may occur in the deaths of more massive stars.
A sample of almost 400 Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by the RHESSI satellite is studied statistically. We focus on GRB duration and hardness ratio and use the statistical chi^2 test and the F-test to compare the number of GRB subgroups in the RHESSI database with that of the BATSE database. Although some previous articles based on the BATSE catalog claim the existence of an intermediate GRB subgroup, besides long and short, we have not found a statistically significant intermediate subgroup in the RHESSI data.
Since its early phases of operation, the AGILE mission is successfully observing Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs) in the hard X-ray band with the SuperAGILE imager and in the MeV range with the Mini-Calorimeter. Up to now, three firm GRB detections were obtained above 25 MeV and some bursts were detected with lower statistical confidence in the same energy band. When a GRB is localized, either by SuperAGILE or Swift/BAT or INTEGRAL/IBIS or Fermi/GBM or IPN, inside the field of view of the Gamma Ray Imager of AGILE, a detection is searched for in the gamma ray band or an upper limit is provided. A promising result of AGILE is the detection of very short gamma ray transients, a few ms in duration and possibly identified with Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes. In this paper we show the current status of the observation of Gamma Ray Bursts and Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes with AGILE.
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