No Arabic abstract
Mobile ad hoc networking (MANET) has become an exciting and important technology in recent years because of the rapid proliferation of wireless devices. MANETs are highly vulnerable to attacks due to the open medium, dynamically changing network topology and lack of centralized monitoring point. It is important to search new architecture and mechanisms to protect the wireless networks and mobile computing application. IDS analyze the network activities by means of audit data and use patterns of well-known attacks or normal profile to detect potential attacks. There are two methods to analyze: misuse detection and anomaly detection. Misuse detection is not effective against unknown attacks and therefore, anomaly detection method is used. In this approach, the audit data is collected from each mobile node after simulating the attack and compared with the normal behavior of the system. If there is any deviation from normal behavior then the event is considered as an attack. Some of the features of collected audit data may be redundant or contribute little to the detection process. So it is essential to select the important features to increase the detection rate. This paper focuses on implementing two feature selection methods namely, markov blanket discovery and genetic algorithm. In genetic algorithm, bayesian network is constructed over the collected features and fitness function is calculated. Based on the fitness value the features are selected. Markov blanket discovery also uses bayesian network and the features are selected depending on the minimum description length. During the evaluation phase, the performances of both approaches are compared based on detection rate and false alarm rate.
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are developed to protect the network by detecting the attack. The current paper proposes an unsupervised feature selection technique for analyzing the network data. The search capability of the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) has been employed for optimizing three different objective functions utilizing different information theoretic measures including mutual information, standard deviation, and information gain to identify mutually exclusive and a high variant subset of features. Finally, the Pareto optimal front of the different optimal feature subsets are obtained and these feature subsets are utilized for developing classification systems using different popular machine learning models like support vector machines, decision trees and k-nearest neighbour (k=5) classifier etc. We have evaluated the results of the algorithm on KDD-99, NSL-KDD and Kyoto 2006+ datasets. The experimental results on KDD-99 dataset show that decision tree provides better results than other available classifiers. The proposed system obtains the best results of 99.78% accuracy, 99.27% detection rate and false alarm rate of 0.2%, which are better than all the previous results for KDD dataset. We achieved an accuracy of 99.83% for 20% testing data of NSL-KDD dataset and 99.65% accuracy for 10-fold cross-validation on Kyoto dataset. The most attractive characteristic of the proposed scheme is that during the selection of appropriate feature subset, no labeled information is utilized and different feature quality measures are optimized simultaneously using the multi-objective optimization framework.
This work aims at optimizing injection networks, which consist in adding a set of long-range links (called bypass links) in mobile multi-hop ad hoc networks so as to improve connectivity and overcome network partitioning. To this end, we rely on small-world network properties, that comprise a high clustering coefficient and a low characteristic path length. We investigate the use of two genetic algorithms (generational and steady-state) to optimize three instances of this topology control problem and present results that show initial evidence of their capacity to solve it.
In cellular systems using frequency division duplex, growing Internet services cause unbalance of uplink and downlink traffic, resulting in poor uplink spectrum utilization. Addressing this issue, this paper considers overlaying an ad hoc network onto a cellular uplink network for improving spectrum utilization and spatial reuse efficiency. Transmission capacities of the overlaid networks are analyzed, which are defined as the maximum densities of the ad hoc nodes and mobile users under an outage constraint. Using tools from stochastic geometry, the capacity tradeoff curves for the overlaid networks are shown to be linear. Deploying overlaid networks based on frequency separation is proved to achieve higher network capacities than that based on spatial separation. Furthermore, spatial diversity is shown to enhance network capacities.
The subject of this paper is the long-standing open problem of developing a general capacity theory for wireless networks, particularly a theory capable of describing the fundamental performance limits of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). A MANET is a peer-to-peer network with no pre-existing infrastructure. MANETs are the most general wireless networks, with single-hop, relay, interference, mesh, and star networks comprising special cases. The lack of a MANET capacity theory has stunted the development and commercialization of many types of wireless networks, including emergency, military, sensor, and community mesh networks. Information theory, which has been vital for links and centralized networks, has not been successfully applied to decentralized wireless networks. Even if this was accomplished, for such a theory to truly characterize the limits of deployed MANETs it must overcome three key roadblocks. First, most current capacity results rely on the allowance of unbounded delay and reliability. Second, spatial and timescale decompositions have not yet been developed for optimally modeling the spatial and temporal dynamics of wireless networks. Third, a useful network capacity theory must integrate rather than ignore the important role of overhead messaging and feedback. This paper describes some of the shifts in thinking that may be needed to overcome these roadblocks and develop a more general theory that we refer to as non-equilibrium information theory.
In the paradigm of mobile Ad hoc networks (MANET), forwarding packets originating from other nodes requires cooperation among nodes. However, as each node may not want to waste its energy, cooperative behavior can not be guaranteed. Therefore, it is necessary to implement some mechanism to avoid selfish behavior and to promote cooperation. In this paper, we propose a simple quid pro quo based reputation system, i.e., nodes that forward gain reputation, but lose more reputation if they do not forward packets from cooperative users (determined based on reputation), and lose less reputation when they chose to not forward packets from non-cooperative users. Under this framework, we model the behavior of users as an evolutionary game and provide conditions that result in cooperative behavior by studying the evolutionary stable states of the proposed game. Numerical analysis is provided to study the resulting equilibria and to illustrate how the proposed model performs compared to traditional models.