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Register a new userMechanism of multisoliton formation and soliton energy quantization in passively mode-locked fiber lasers
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We report results of numerical simulations on the multiple soliton generation and soliton energy quantization in a soliton fiber ring laser passively mode-locked by using the nonlinear polarization rotation technique. We found numerically that the formation of multiple solitons in the laser is caused by a peak power limiting effect of the laser cavity. It is also the same effect that suppresses the soliton pulse collapse, an intrinsic feature of solitons propagating in the gain media, and makes the solitons stable in the laser. Furthermore, we show that the soliton energy quantization observed in the lasers is a natural consequence of the gain competition between the multiple solitons. Enlightened by the numerical result we speculate that the multi-soliton formation and soliton energy quantization observed in other types of soliton fiber lasers could have similar mechanism.
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We report on the observation of bound states of gain-guided solitons (GGSs) in a dispersion-managed erbium-doped fiber laser operating in the normal net cavity dispersion regime. Despite of the fact that the GGS is a chirped soliton and there is strong pulse stretching and compression along the cavity in the laser, the bound solitons observed have a fixed pulse separation, which is invariant to the pump strength change. Numerical simulation confirmed the experimental observations.
We study the effect of noise on the dynamics of passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers both experimentally and theoretically. A method combining analytical and numerical approaches for estimation of pulse timing jitter is proposed. We investigate how the presence of dynamical features such as wavelength bistability affects timing jitter.
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Alexey Andrianov
, Arkady Kim (Institute of Applied Physics of then Russian Academy of Sciences
, Nizhny Novgorod
2019
We present the first direct observation of the bound state of multiple dissipative optical solitons in which bond length and bond strength can be individually controlled in a broad range in a regular manner. We have observed experimentally a new type of stable and extremely elastic soliton crystals that can be stretched and compressed many times conserving their structure by adjusting the bond properties in real time in a specially designed passively mode-locked fiber laser incorporating highly asymmetric tunable Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The temporal structure and dynamics of the generated soliton crystals have been studied using an asynchronous optical sampling system with picosecond resolution. We demonstrated that stable and robust soliton crystal can be formed by two types of primitive structures: single dissipative solitons, and(or) pairs of dissipative soliton and pulse with lower amplitude. Continuous stretching and compression of a soliton crystal with extraordinary high ratio of more than 30 has been demonstrated with a smallest recorded separation between pulses as low as 5 ps corresponding to an effective repetition frequency of 200 GHz. Collective pulse dynamics, including soliton crystal self-assembling, cracking and transformation of crystals comprising pulse pairs to the crystals of similar pulses has been observed experimentally.
We demonstrate 14.3-attosecond timing jitter [integrated from 10 kHz to 94 MHz offset frequency] optical pulse trains from 188-MHz repetition-rate mode-locked Yb-fiber lasers. In order to minimize the timing jitter, we shorten the non-gain fiber length to shorten the pulsewidth and reduce excessive higher-order nonlinearity and nonlinear chirp in the fiber laser. The measured jitter spectrum is limited by the amplified spontaneous emission limited quantum noise in the 100 kHz - 1 MHz offset frequency range, while it was limited by the relative intensity noise-converted jitter in the lower offset frequency range. This intrinsically low timing jitter enables sub-100-attosecond synchronization between the two mode-locked Yb-fiber lasers over the full Nyquist frequency with a modest 10-kHz locking bandwidth. The demonstrated performance is the lowest timing jitter measured from any free-running mode-locked fiber lasers, comparable to the performance of the lowest-jitter Ti:sapphire solid-state lasers.
Cross phase modulation (XPM) could induce soliton trapping in nonlinear medium, which has been employed to achieve vector soliton, optical switching and optical analog of gravity-like potentials. These results are generally within the definition in Hamilton system. Here, we report on the observation of a XPM-forced frequency-oscillating soliton (XFOS) whose wavelength exhibits redshift and blueshift periodically like dancing in a mode-locked fiber laser under moderate birefringence. XFOS consists of two orthogonally polarized components exhibiting simultaneous frequency oscillation driven by XPM and gain effect, which allows withstanding higher pulse energy. The pulse trapping is maintained by differentiating the frequency-shift rate. Numerical simulations agree very well with experimental results, revealing an idiosyncratic evolution dynamic for asymmetry pulses in nonlinear dissipative system and envisaging a technique to control pulse feature with preset pulse chirp. XFOS may exist generally in polarization-independent ultrafast lasers, which enriches soliton family and brings useful insights into nonlinear science and applications.
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