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Register a new userAdiabatic perturbation theory: from Landau-Zener problem to quenching through a quantum critical point
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We discuss the application of the adiabatic perturbation theory to analyze the dynamics in various systems in the limit of slow parametric changes of the Hamiltonian. We first consider a two-level system and give an elementary derivation of the asymptotics of the transition probability when the tuning parameter slowly changes in the finite range. Then we apply this perturbation theory to many-particle systems with low energy spectrum characterized by quasiparticle excitations. Within this approach we derive the scaling of various quantities such as the density of generated defects, entropy and energy. We discuss the applications of this approach to a specific situation where the system crosses a quantum critical point. We also show the connection between adiabatic and sudden quenches near a quantum phase transitions and discuss the effects of quasiparticle statistics on slow and sudden quenches at finite temperatures.
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Landau theory is used to investigate the behaviour of a metallic magnet driven towards a quantum critical point by the application of pressure. The observed dependence of the transition temperature with pressure is used to show that the coupling of the magnetic order to the lattice diverges as the quantum critical point is approached. This means that a first order transition will occur in magnets (both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets) because of the coupling to the lattice. The Landau equations are solved numerically without further approximations. There are other mechanisms that can cause a first order transition so the significance of this work is that it will enable us to determine the extent to which any particular first order transition is driven by coupling to the lattice or if other causes are responsible.
We report an experimental measurement of Landau-Zener transitions on an individual flux qubit within a multi-qubit superconducting chip designed for adiabatic quantum computation. The method used isolates a single qubit, tunes its tunneling amplitude Delta into the limit where Delta is much less than both the temperature T and the decoherence-induced energy level broadening, and forces it to undergo a Landau-Zener transition. We find that the behavior of the qubit agrees to a high degree of accuracy with theoretical predictions for Landau-Zener transition probabilities for a double-well quantum system coupled to 1/f magnetic flux noise.
We analyze the influence of classical Gaussian noise on Landau-Zener transitions during a two-level crossing in a time-dependent regular external field. Transition probabilities and coherence factors become random due to the noise. We calculate their two-time correlation functions, which describe the response of this two-level system to a weak external pulse signal. The spectrum and intensity of the magnetic response are derived. Although fluctuations are of the same order of magnitude as averages, the results is obtained in an analytic form.
We study the dynamical response of a system to a sudden change of the tuning parameter $lambda$ starting (or ending) at the quantum critical point. In particular we analyze the scaling of the excitation probability, number of excited quasiparticles, heat and entropy with the quench amplitude and the system size. We extend the analysis to quenches with arbitrary power law dependence on time of the tuning parameter, showing a close connection between the scaling behavior of these quantities with the singularities of the adiabatic susceptibilities of order $m$ at the quantum critical point, where $m$ is related to the power of the quench. Precisely for sudden quenches the relevant susceptibility of the second order coincides with the fidelity susceptibility. We discuss the generalization of the scaling laws to the finite temperature quenches and show that the statistics of the low-energy excitations becomes important. We illustrate the relevance of those results for cold atoms experiments.
We describe several results concerning global quantum quenches from states with short-range correlations to quantum critical points whose low-energy properties are described by a 1+1-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT), extending the work of Calabrese and Cardy (2006): (a) for the special class of initial states discussed in that paper we show that, once a finite region falls inside the horizon, its reduced density matrix is exponentially close in $L_2$ norm to that of a thermal Gibbs state; (b) small deformations of this initial state in general lead to a (non-Abelian) generalized Gibbs distribution (GGE) with, however, the possibility of parafermionic conserved charges; (c) small deformations of the CFT, corresponding to curvature of the dispersion relation and (non-integrable) left-right scattering, lead to a dependence of the speed of propagation on the initial state, as well as diffusive broadening of the horizon.
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