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Register a new userTextures and non-Abelian vortices in atomic d-wave paired Fermi condensates
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We report on fundamental properties of superfluids with d-wave pairing symmetry. We consider neutral atomic Fermi gases in a harmonic trap, the pairing being produced by a Feshbach resonance via a d-wave interaction channel. A Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional is constructed which is symmetry constrained for five component order parameters (OP). We find OP textures in the cyclic phase and stability conditions for a non-Abelian fractional 1/3-vortex under rotation. It is proposed how to create the intriguing 1/3-vortex experimentally in atomic gases via optical means.
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We show that the non-Abelian Berry phase emerges naturally in the s-wave and spin quintet pairing channel of spin-3/2 fermions. The topological structure of this pairing condensate is characterized by the second Chern number. This topological structure can be realized in ultra-cold atomic systems and in solid state systems with at least two Kramers doublets.
In this paper we propose the quantized spin Hall effect (SHE) in the vortex state of a rotating p-wave paired Fermi system in an inhomogeneous magnetic field and in a weak periodic potential. It is the three dimensional extension of the spin Hall effect for a 3He-A superfluid film studied in Ref. [1]. It may also be considered as a generalization of the 3D quantized charge Hall effect of Bloch electrons in Ref. [2] to the spin transport. The A-phase of 3He or, more generally, the p-wave paired phase of a cold Fermi atomic gas, under suitable conditions should be a good candidate to observe the SHE, because the system has a conserved spin current (with no spin-orbit couplings).
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The existence and stability of non-Abelian half-quantum vortices (HQVs) are established in ${}^{3}P_{2}$ superfluids in neutron stars with strong magnetic fields, the largest topological quantum matter in our Universe. Using a self-consistent microscopic framework, we find that one integer vortex is energetically destabilized into a pair of two non-Abelian HQVs due to the strong spin-orbit coupled gap functions. We find a topologically protected Majorana fermion on each HQV, thereby providing two-fold non-Abelian anyons characterized by both Majorana fermions and a non-Abelian first homotopy group.
We study theoretically the ground states of topological defects in a spinor four-component condensate of cold indirect excitons. We analyze possible ground state solutions for different configurations of vortices and half-vortices. We show that if only Rashba or Dreselhaus spin-orbit interaction (SOI) for electrons is present the stable states of topological defects can represent a cylindrically symmetric half-vortex or half vortex-antivortex pairs, or a non-trivial pattern with warped vortices. In the presence of both of Rashba and Dresselhaus SOI the ground state of a condensate represents a stripe phase and vortex type solutions become unstable.
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