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Register a new userOptical and Raman spectroscopy studies on Fe-based superconductors
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A brief review of optical and Raman studies on the Fe-based superconductors is given, with special emphasis on the competing phenomenon in this system. Optical investigations on ReFeAsO (Re=rare-earth element) and AFe$_2$As$_2$ (A=alkaline-earth metal) families provide clear evidence for the gap formation in the broken symmetry states, including the partial gaps in the spin-density wave states of parent compounds, and the pairing gaps in the superconducting states for doped compounds. Especially, the superconducting gap has an s-wave pairing lineshape in hole-doped BaFe$_2$As$_2$. Optical phonons at zone center detected by Raman and infrared techniques are classified for several Fe-based compounds. Related issues, such as the electron-phonon coupling and the effect of spin-density wave and superconducting transitions on phonons, are also discussed. Meanwhile, open questions including the emph{T}-dependent mid-infrared peak at 0.6-0.7 eV, electronic correlation, and the similarities/differences between high-Tc cuprates and Fe-based superconductors are also briefly discussed. Important results from other experimental probes are compared with optical data to better understand the spin-density wave properties, the superconductivity, and the multi-band character in Fe-based compounds.
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We report optical spectroscopic measurements on electron- and hole-doped BaFe2As2. We show that the compounds in the normal state are not simple metals. The optical conductivity spectra contain, in addition to the free carrier response at low frequency, a temperature-dependent gap-like suppression at rather high energy scale near 0.6 eV. This suppression evolves with the As-Fe-As bond angle induced by electron- or hole-doping. Furthermore, the feature becomes much weaker in the Fe-chalcogenide compounds. We elaborate that the feature is caused by the strong Hunds rule coupling effect between the itinerant electrons and localized electron moment arising from the multiple Fe 3d orbitals. Our experiments demonstrate the coexistence of itinerant and localized electrons in iron-based compounds, which would then lead to a more comprehensive picture about the metallic magnetism in the materials.
Iron-based superconducting layered compounds have the second highest transition temperature after cuprate superconductors. Their discovery is a milestone in the history of high-temperature superconductivity and will have profound implications for high-temperature superconducting mechanism as well as industrial applications. Raman scattering has been extensively applied to correlated electron systems including the new superconductors due to its unique ability to probe multiple primary excitations and their coupling. In this review, we will give a brief summary of the existing Raman experiments in the iron-based materials and their implication for pairing mechanism in particular. And we will also address some open issues from the experiments.
The superconducting phase of the $mathrm{HgBa}_2mathrm{CuO}_{4+delta}$ (Hg-1201) and $mathrm{HgBa}_2mathrm{Ca}_2mathrm{Cu}_3mathrm{O}_{8+delta}$ (Hg-1223) cuprates has been investigated by Raman spectroscopy under hydrostatic pressure. Our analysis reveals that the increase of $T_c$ with pressure is slower in Hg-1223 cuprate compared to the Hg-1201 due to a charge carrier concentration imbalance (accentuated by pressure) between the $mathrm{CuO}_2$ layers of Hg-1223. We find that the energy variation under pressure of the apical oxygen mode from which the charge carriers are transferred to the $mathrm{CuO}_2$ layers, is the same for both the Hg-1223 and Hg-1223 cuprates and it is controlled by the inter-layer compressibility. At last, we show that the binding energy of the Cooper pairs related to the maximum amplitude of the $d-$ wave superconducting gap at the anti-nodes, does not follow $T_c$ with pressure. It decreases while $T_c$ increases. In the particular case of Hg-1201, the binding energy collapses from 10 to 2 $K_B T_c$ as the pressure increases up to 10 GPa. These direct spectroscopic observations joined to the fact that the binding energy of the Cooper pairs at the anti-nodes does not follow $T_c$ either with doping, raises the question of its link with the pseudogap energy scale which follows the same trend with doping.
We analyze antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in novel $Fe-$based superconductors within the itinerant model of small electron and hole pockets near $(0,0)$ and $(pi,pi)$. We argue that the effective interactions in both channels logarithmically flow towards the same values at low energies, {it i.e.}, antiferromagnetism and superconductivity must be treated on equal footings. The magnetic instability comes first for equal sizes of the two pockets, but looses to superconductivity upon doping. The superconducting gap has no nodes, but changes sign between the two Fermi surfaces (extended s-wave symmetry). We argue that the $T$ dependencies of the spin susceptibility and NMR relaxation rate for such state are exponential only at very low $T$, and can be well fitted by power-laws over a wide $T$ range below $T_c$.
A review of high-pressure studies on Fe-pnictide superconductors is given. The pressure effects on the magnetic and superconducting transitions are discussed for different classes of doped and undoped FeAs-compounds, ROFeAs (R = rare earth), AeFe2As2 (Ae = Ca, Sr, Ba), and AFeAs (A = Li, Na). Pressure tends to decrease the magnetic transition temperature in the undoped or only slightly doped compounds. The superconducting Tc increases with pressure for underdoped FeAs-pnictides, remains approximately constant for optimal doping, and decreases linearly in the overdoped range. The undoped LaOFeAs and AeFe2As2 become superconducting under pressure although nonhydrostatic pressure conditions seem to play a role in CaFe2As2. The superconductivity in the (undoped) AFeAs is explained as a chemical pressure effect due to the volume contraction caused by the small ionic size of the A-elements. The binary FeSe shows the largest pressure coefficient of Tc in the Se-deficient superconducting phase.
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