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This paper is concerned with the estimation of the volatility process in a stochastic volatility model of the following form: $dX_t=a_tdt+sigma_tdW_t$, where $X$ denotes the log-price and $sigma$ is a c`adl`ag semi-martingale. In the spirit of a series of recent works on the estimation of the cumulated volatility, we here focus on the instantaneous volatility for which we study estimators built as finite differences of the textit{power variations} of the log-price. We provide central limit theorems with an optimal rate depending on the local behavior of $sigma$. In particular, these theorems yield some confidence intervals for $sigma_t$.
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In this paper we develop a Bayesian procedure for estimating multivariate stochastic volatility (MSV) using state space models. A multiplicative model based on inverted Wishart and multivariate singular beta distributions is proposed for the evolution of the volatility, and a flexible sequential volatility updating is employed. Being computationally fast, the resulting estimation procedure is particularly suitable for on-line forecasting. Three performance measures are discussed in the context of model selection: the log-likelihood criterion, the mean of standardized one-step forecast errors, and sequential Bayes factors. Finally, the proposed methods are applied to a data set comprising eight exchange rates vis-a-vis the US dollar.
We have presented a novel technique of detecting intermittencies in a financial time series of the foreign exchange rate data of U.S.- Euro dollar(US/EUR) using a combination of both statistical and spectral techniques. This has been possible due to Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) analysis which has been popularly applied to fluctuating data in various fields science and engineering and is also being tried out in finance and economics. We have been able to qualitatively identify the presence of nonlinearity and chaos in the time series of the foreign exchange rates for US/EURO (United States dollar to Euro Dollar) and US/UK (United States dollar to United Kingdom Pound) currencies. Interestingly we find that for the US-INDIA(United States dollar to Indian Rupee) foreign exchange rates, no such chaotic dynamics is observed. This could be a result of the government control over the foreign exchange rates, instead of the market controlling them.
We compare the Malliavin-Mancino and Cuchiero-Teichmann Fourier instantaneous estimators to investigate the impact of the Epps effect arising from asynchrony in the instantaneous estimates. We demonstrate the instantaneous Epps effect under a simulation setting and provide a simple method to ameliorate the effect. We find that using the previous tick interpolation in the Cuchiero-Teichmann estimator results in unstable estimates when dealing with asynchrony, while the ability to bypass the time domain with the Malliavin-Mancino estimator allows it to produce stable estimates and is therefore better suited for ultra-high frequency finance. An empirical analysis using Trade and Quote data from the Johannesburg Stock Exchange illustrates the instantaneous Epps effect and how the intraday correlation dynamics can vary between days for the same equity pair.
We study the price dynamics of 65 stocks from the Dow Jones Composite Average from 1973 until 2014. We show that it is possible to define a Daily Market Volatility $sigma(t)$ which is directly observable from data. This quantity is usually indirectly defined by $r(t)=sigma(t) omega(t)$ where the $r(t)$ are the daily returns of the market index and the $omega(t)$ are i.i.d. random variables with vanishing average and unitary variance. The relation $r(t)=sigma(t) omega(t)$ alone is unable to give an operative definition of the index volatility, which remains unobservable. On the contrary, we show that using the whole information available in the market, the index volatility can be operatively defined and detected.
We investigate scaling and memory effects in return intervals between price volatilities above a certain threshold $q$ for the Japanese stock market using daily and intraday data sets. We find that the distribution of return intervals can be approximated by a scaling function that depends only on the ratio between the return interval $tau$ and its mean $<tau>$. We also find memory effects such that a large (or small) return interval follows a large (or small) interval by investigating the conditional distribution and mean return interval. The results are similar to previous studies of other markets and indicate that similar statistical features appear in different financial markets. We also compare our results between the period before and after the big crash at the end of 1989. We find that scaling and memory effects of the return intervals show similar features although the statistical properties of the returns are different.
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