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Register a new userAn Analytic Approach to Stability
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Authors
Oleg Pikhurko
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The stability method is very useful for obtaining exact solutions of many extremal graph problems. Its key step is to establish the stability property which, roughly speaking, states that any two almost optimal graphs of the same order $n$ can be made isomorphic by changing o(n^2) edges. Here we show how the recently developed theory of graph limits can be used to give an analytic approach to stability. As an application, we present a new proof of the Erdos-Simonovits Stability Theorem. Also, we investigate various properties of the edit distance. In particular, we show that the combinatorial and fraction
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We present a method which provides a unified framework for most stability theorems that have been proved in graph and hypergraph theory. Our main result reduces stability for a large class of hypergraph problems to the simpler question of checking that a hypergraph $mathcal H$ with large minimum degree that omits the forbidden structures is vertex-extendable. This means that if $v$ is a vertex of $mathcal H$ and ${mathcal H} -v$ is a subgraph of the extremal configuration(s), then $mathcal H$ is also a subgraph of the extremal configuration(s). In many cases vertex-extendability is quite easy to verify. We illustrate our approach by giving new short proofs of hypergraph stability results of Pikhurko, Hefetz-Keevash, Brandt-Irwin-Jiang, Bene Watts-Norin-Yepremyan and others. Since our method always yields minimum degree stability, which is the strongest form of stability, in some of these cases our stability results are stronger than what was known earlier. Along the way, we clarify the different notions of stability that have been previously studied.
In this work we consider an equation for the Riemann zeta-function in the critical half-strip. With the help of this equation we prove that finding non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function outside the critical line would be equivalent to the existence of complex numbers for which equation (5.1) in the paper holds. Such a condition is studied, and the attempt of proving the Riemann hypothesis is found to involve also the functional equation (6.26), where t is a real variable bigger than or equal to 1 and n is any natural number. The limiting behavior of the solutions as t approaches 1 is then studied in detail.
Let $d$ be a positive integer and $U subset mathbb{Z}^d$ finite. We study $$beta(U) : = inf_{substack{A , B eq emptyset text{finite}}} frac{|A+B+U|}{|A|^{1/2}{|B|^{1/2}}},$$ and other related quantities. We employ tensorization, which is not available for the doubling constant, $|U+U|/|U|$. For instance, we show $$beta(U) = |U|,$$ whenever $U$ is a subset of ${0,1}^d$. Our methods parallel those used for the Prekopa-Leindler inequality, an integral variant of the Brunn-Minkowski inequality.
Brief periods of non-slow-roll evolution during inflation can produce interesting observable consequences, as primordial black holes, or an inflationary gravitational wave spectrum enhanced at small scales. We develop a model independent, analytic approach for studying the predictions of single-field scenarios which include short phases of slow-roll violation. Our method is based on Taylor expanding the equations for cosmological fluctuations in a small quantity, which parameterizes the duration of the non-slow-roll eras. The super-horizon spectrum of perturbations is described by few effective parameters, and is characterized by a pronounced dip followed by a rapid growth in its amplitude, as typically found in numerical and analytical studies. The dip position $k_{rm dip}/k_*$ and the maximal enhancement $Pi_{rm max}$ of the spectrum towards small scales are found to be related by the law $k_{rm dip}/k_*propto Pi_{rm max}^{-1/4}$, and we determine the proportionality constant. For a single epoch of slow-roll violation we confirm previous studies, finding that the steepest slope of the spectrum well after the dip has spectral index $n-1,=,4$. On the other hand, with multiple phases of slow-roll violation, the slope of the spectrum is generally enhanced. For example, when two epochs of slow-roll violation take place, separated by a phase of quasi-de Sitter expansion, we find that the spectral index can reach the value $n-1,=,8$. This phenomenon indicates that the slope of the spectrum keeps memory of the history of non-slow-roll phases occurred during inflation.
We investigate the stability of a one-parameter family of periodic solutions of the four-vortex problem known as `leapfrogging orbits. These solutions, which consist of two pairs of identical yet oppositely-signed vortices, were known to W. Grobli (1877) and A. E. H. Love (1883), and can be parameterized by a dimensionless parameter $alpha$ related to the geometry of the initial configuration. Simulations by Acheson (2000) and numerical Floquet analysis by Toph{o}j and Aref (2012) both indicate, to many digits, that the bifurcation occurs when $1/alpha=phi^2$, where $phi$ is the golden ratio. This study aims to explain the origin of this remarkable value. Using a trick from the gravitational two-body problem, we change variables to render the Floquet problem in an explicit form that is more amenable to analysis. We then implement G. W. Hills method of harmonic balance to high order using computer algebra to construct a rapidly-converging sequence of asymptotic approximations to the bifurcation value, confirming the value found earlier.
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