No Arabic abstract
We have carried out an analysis of singularities in Kohn variational calculations for low energy e^{+}-H_{2} elastic scattering. Provided that a sufficiently accurate trial wavefunction is used, we argue that our implementation of the Kohn variational principle necessarily gives rise to singularities which are not spurious. We propose two approaches for optimizing a free parameter of the trial wavefunction in order to avoid anomalous behaviour in scattering phase shift calculations, the first of which is based on the existence of such singularities. The second approach is a more conventional optimization of the generalized Kohn method. Close agreement is observed between the results of the two optimization schemes; further, they give results which are seen to be effectively equivalent to those obtained with the complex Kohn method. The advantage of the first optimization scheme is that it does not require an explicit solution of the Kohn equations to be found. We give examples of anomalies which cannot be avoided using either optimization scheme but show that it is possible to avoid these anomalies by considering variations in the nonlinear parameters of the trial function.
We give a pedagogical introduction of the stochastic variational method by considering the quantization of a non-inertial particle system. We show that the effects of fictitious forces are represented in the forms of vector fields which behave analogous to the gauge fields in the electromagnetic interaction. We further discuss that the operator expressions for observables can be defined by applying the stochastic Noether theorem.
We present a variational approach which shows that the wave functions belonging to quantum systems in different potential landscapes, are pairwise linked to each other through a generalized continuity equation. This equation contains a source term proportional to the potential difference. In case the potential landscapes are related by a linear symmetry transformation in a finite domain of the embedding space, the derived continuity equation leads to generalized currents which are divergence free within this spatial domain. In a single spatial dimension these generalized currents are invariant. In contrast to the standard continuity equation, originating from the abelian $U(1)$-phase symmetry of the standard Lagrangian, the generalized continuity equations derived here, are based on a non-abelian $SU(2)$-transformation of a Super-Lagrangian. Our approach not only provides a rigorous theoretical framework to study quantum mechanical systems in potential landscapes possessing local symmetries, but it also reveals a general duality between quantum states corresponding to different Schr{o}dinger problems.
Infinite sets of inequalities which generalize all the known inequalities that can be used in the majorization step of the Approximating Hamiltonian method are derived. They provide upper bounds on the difference between the quadratic fluctuations of intensive observables of a $N$-particle system and the corresponding Bogoliubov-Duhamel inner product. The novel feature is that, under sufficiently mild conditions, the upper bounds have the same form and order of magnitude with respect to $N$ for all the quantities derived by a finite number of commutations of an original intensive observable with the Hamiltonian. The results are illustrated on two types of exactly solvable model systems: one with bounded separable attraction and the other containing interaction of a boson field with matter.
We investigate the level density for several ensembles of positive random matrices of a Wishart--like structure, $W=XX^{dagger}$, where $X$ stands for a nonhermitian random matrix. In particular, making use of the Cauchy transform, we study free multiplicative powers of the Marchenko-Pastur (MP) distribution, ${rm MP}^{boxtimes s}$, which for an integer $s$ yield Fuss-Catalan distributions corresponding to a product of $s$ independent square random matrices, $X=X_1cdots X_s$. New formulae for the level densities are derived for $s=3$ and $s=1/3$. Moreover, the level density corresponding to the generalized Bures distribution, given by the free convolution of arcsine and MP distributions is obtained. We also explain the reason of such a curious convolution. The technique proposed here allows for the derivation of the level densities for several other cases.
The complex Kohn variational method is extended to compute light-driven electronic transitions between continuum wavefunctions in atomic and molecular systems. This development enables the study of multiphoton processes in the perturbative regime for arbitrary light polarization. As a proof of principle, we apply the method to compute the photoelectron spectrum arising from the pump-probe two-photon ionization of helium induced by a sequence of extreme ultraviolet and infrared-light pulses. We compare several two-photon ionization pump-probe spectra, resonant with the (2s2p)1P1o Feshbach resonance, with independent simulations based on the atomic B-spline close- coupling STOCK code, and find good agreement between the two approaches. This new finite-pulse perturbative approach is a step towards the ab initio study of weak-field attosecond processes in poly-electronic molecules.