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Register a new userTurbulent magnetic Prandtl numbers obtained with MHD Taylor-Couette flow experiments
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The stability problem of MHD Taylor-Couette flows with toroidal magnetic fields is considered in dependence on the magnetic Prandtl number. Only the most uniform (but not current-free) field with B_in = B_out has been considered. For high enough Hartmann numbers the toroidal field is always unstable. Rigid rotation, however, stabilizes the magnetic (kink-)instability. The axial current which drives the instability is reduced by the electromotive force induced by the instability itself. Numerical simulations are presented to probe this effect as a possibility to measure the turbulent conductivity in a laboratory. It is shown numerically that in a sodium experiment (without rotation) an eddy diffusivity 4 times the molecular diffusivity appears resulting in a potential difference of ~34 mV/m. If the cylinders are rotating then also the eddy viscosity can be measured. Nonlinear simulations of the instability lead to a turbulent magnetic Prandtl number of 2.1 for a molecular magnetic Prandtl number of 0.01. The trend goes to higher values for smaller Pm.
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We report on the modification of drag by neutrally buoyant spherical particles in highly turbulent Taylor-Couette flow. These particles can be used to disentangle the effects of size, deformability, and volume fraction on the drag, when contrasted with the drag for bubbly flows. We find that rigid spheres hardly change the drag of the system beyond the trivial viscosity effects caused by replacing the working fluid with particles. The size of the particle has a marginal effect on the drag, with smaller diameter particles showing only slightly lower drag. Increasing the particle volume fraction shows a net drag increase as the effective viscosity of the fluid is also increased. The increase in drag for increasing particle volume fraction is corroborated by performing laser Doppler anemometry where we find that the turbulent velocity fluctuations also increase with increasing volume fraction. In contrast with rigid spheres, for bubbles the effective drag reduction also increases with increasing Reynolds number. Bubbles are also much more effective in reducing the overall drag.
Azimuthal magnetorotational instability is a mechanism that generates nonaxisymmetric field pattern. Nonlinear simulations in an infinite Taylor-Couette system with current-free external field show, that not only the linearly unstable mode m=1 appears, but also an inverse cascade transporting energy into the axisymmetric field is possible. By varying the Reynolds number of the flow and the Hartmann number for the magnetic field, we find that the ratio between axisymmetric (m=0) and dominating nonaxisymmetric mode (m=1) can be nearly free chosen. On the surface of the outer cylinder this mode distribution appears similarly, but with weaker axisymmetric fields. We do not find significant differences in the case that a constant current within the flow is added.
We compute numerically the threshold for dynamo action in Taylor-Green swirling flows. Kinematic calculations, for which the flow field is fixed to its time averaged profile, are compared to dynamical runs for which both the Navier-Stokes and the induction equations are jointly solved. The kinematic instability is found to have two branches, for all explored Reynolds numbers. The dynamical dynamo threshold follows these branches: at low Reynolds number it lies within the low branch while at high kinetic Reynolds number it is close to the high branch.
Air cavities, i.e. air layers developed behind cavitators, are seen as a promising drag reducing method in the maritime industry. Here we utilize the Taylor-Couette (TC) geometry, i.e. the flow between two concentric, independently rotating cylinders, to study the effect of air cavities in this closed setup, which is well-accessible for drag measurements and optical flow visualizations. We show that stable air cavities can be formed, and that the cavity size increases with Reynolds number and void fraction. The streamwise cavity length strongly depends on the axial position due to buoyancy forces acting on the air. Strong secondary flows, which are introduced by a counter-rotating outer cylinder, clearly decrease the stability of the cavities, as air is captured in the Taylor rolls rather than in the cavity. Surprisingly, we observed that local air injection is not necessary to sustain the air cavities; as long as air is present in the system it is found to be captured in the cavity. We show that the drag is decreased significantly as compared to the case without air, but with the geometric modifications imposed on the TC system by the cavitators. As the void fraction increases, the drag of the system is decreased. However, the cavitators itself significantly increase the drag due to their hydrodynamic resistance (pressure drag): In fact, a net drag increase is found when compared to the standard smooth-wall TC case. Therefore, one must first overcome the added drag created by the cavitators before one obtains a net drag reduction.
Emulsions are omnipresent in the food industry, health care, and chemical synthesis. In this Letter the dynamics of meta-stable oil-water emulsions in highly turbulent ($10^{11}leqtext{Ta}leq 3times 10^{13}$) Taylor--Couette flow, far from equilibrium, is investigated. By varying the oil-in-water void fraction, catastrophic phase inversion between oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions can be triggered, changing the morphology, including droplet sizes, and rheological properties of the mixture, dramatically. The manifestation of these different states is exemplified by combining global torque measurements and local in-situ laser induced fluorescence (LIF) microscopy imaging. Despite the turbulent state of the flow and the dynamic equilibrium of the oil-water mixture, the global torque response of the system is found to be as if the fluid were Newtonian, and the effective viscosity of the mixture was found to be several times bigger or smaller than either of its constituents.
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