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Register a new userScientific Workflow Systems for 21st Century e-Science, New Bottle or New Wine?
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Added by
Ioan Raicu
Publication date
2008
fields
Informatics Engineering
and research's language is
English
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With the advances in e-Sciences and the growing complexity of scientific analyses, more and more scientists and researchers are relying on workflow systems for process coordination, derivation automation, provenance tracking, and bookkeeping. While workflow systems have been in use for decades, it is unclear whether scientific workflows can or even should build on existing workflow technologies, or they require fundamentally new approaches. In this paper, we analyze the status and challenges of scientific workflows, investigate both existing technologies and emerging languages, platforms and systems, and identify the key challenges that must be addressed by workflow systems for e-science in the 21st century.
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The answers to fundamental science questions in astrophysics, ranging from the history of the expansion of the universe to the sizes of nearby stars, hinge on our ability to make precise measurements of diverse astronomical objects. As our knowledge of the underlying physics of objects improves along with advances in detectors and instrumentation, the limits on our capability to extract science from measurements is set, not by our lack of understanding of the nature of these objects, but rather by the most mundane of all issues: the precision with which we can calibrate observations in physical units. We stress the need for a program to improve upon and expand the current networks of spectrophotometrically calibrated stars to provide precise calibration with an accuracy of equal to and better than 1% in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared portions of the spectrum, with excellent sky coverage and large dynamic range.
The traditional university science curriculum was designed to train specialists in specific disciplines. However, in universities all over the world, science students are going into increasingly diverse careers and the current model does not fit their needs. Advances in technology also make certain modes of learning obsolete. In the last 10 years, the Faculty of Science of the University of Hong Kong has undertaken major curriculum reforms. A sequence of science foundation courses required of all incoming science students are designed to teach science in an integrated manner, and to emphasize the concepts and utilities, not computational techniques, of mathematics. A number of non-discipline specific common core courses have been developed to broaden students awareness of the relevance of science to society and the interdisciplinary nature of science. By putting the emphasis on the scientific process rather than the outcome, students are taught how to identify, formulate, and solve diverse problems.
The role of scalable high-performance workflows and flexible workflow management systems that can support multiple simulations will continue to increase in importance. For example, with the end of Dennard scaling, there is a need to substitute a single long running simulation with multiple repeats of shorter simulations, or concurrent replicas. Further, many scientific problems involve ensembles of simulations in order to solve a higher-level problem or produce statistically meaningful results. However most supercomputing software development and performance enhancements have focused on optimizing single- simulation performance. On the other hand, there is a strong inconsistency in the definition and practice of workflows and workflow management systems. This inconsistency often centers around the difference between several different types of workflows, including modeling and simulation, grid, uncertainty quantification, and purely conceptual workflows. This work explores this phenomenon by examining the different types of workflows and workflow management systems, reviewing the perspective of a large supercomputing facility, examining the common features and problems of workflow management systems, and finally presenting a proposed solution based on the concept of common building blocks. The implications of the continuing proliferation of workflow management systems and the lack of interoperability between these systems are discussed from a practical perspective. In doing so, we have begun an investigation of the design and implementation of open workflow systems for supercomputers based upon common components.
Many fields of science rely on software systems to answer different research questions. For valid results researchers need to trust the results scientific software produces, and consequently quality assurance is of utmost importance. In this paper we are investigating the impact of quality assurance in the domain of computational materials science (CMS). Based on our experience in this domain we formulate challenges for validation and verification of scientific software and their results. Furthermore, we describe directions for future research that can potentially help dealing with these challenges.
We show that the Standard Model (SM) Higgs Lagrangian is identical to the nonlinear realization of both the scale and chiral symmetries (scale-invariant nonlinear sigma model), and is further gauge equivalent to the scale-invariant Hidden Local Symmetry (HLS) model having possible new vector bosons as the HLS gauge bosons with scale-invariant mass: SM Higgs is nothing but a (pseudo) dilaton. The effective theory of the walking technicolor has precisely the same type of the scale-invariant nonlinear sigma model, thus further having the scale-invariant HLS gauge bosons (technirhos, etc.). The technidilaton mass M_phi comes from the trace anomaly, which yields M_phi^2 F_phi^2 simeq (2.5)^2 [(8/N_F)(4/N_C)] v^4 via PCDC, in the underlying walking SU(N_C) gauge theory with N_F massless flavors, where F_phi is the decay constant and v=246 GeV. This implies F_phi simeq 5 v for M_phi simeq 125 GeV simeq v/2 in the one-family walking technicolor model (N_F=8, N_C=4), in good agreement with the current LHC Higgs data. In the anti-Veneziano limit, N_C rightarrow infty, with N_C alpha= fixed and N_F/N_C= fixed (gg 1), we have a result: M_phi^2/v^2sim M_phi^2/F_phi^2 sim 1/(N_F N_C) rightarrow 0. Then the technidilaton is a naturally light composite Higgs out of the strongly coupled conformal dynamics, with its couplings even weaker than the SM Higgs.
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