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Register a new userEvidence for Energy Regularity in the Mendeleev Periodic Table
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Added by
Cassio Henrique dos Santos Amador
Publication date
2009
fields
Physics
and research's language is
English
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We show that the dependence of the total energy of the atoms on their atomic number follows a q-exponential (function proposed by C. Tsallis), for almost all elements of the periodic table. The result is qualitatively explained in terms of the way the atomic configurations are arranged to minimize energy.
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The group theoretical description of the periodic system of elements in the framework of the Rumer-Fet model is considered. We introduce the concept of a single quantum system, the generating core of which is an abstract $C^ast$-algebra. It is shown that various concrete implementations of the operator algebra depend on the structure of generators of the fundamental symmetry group attached to the energy operator. In the case of generators of the complex shell of a group algebra of a conformal group, the spectrum of states of a single quantum system is given in the framework of the basic representation of the Rumer-Fet group, which leads to a group-theoretic interpretation of the Mendeleevs periodic system of elements. A mass formula is introduced that allows to give the termwise mass splitting for the main multiplet of the Rumer-Fet group. The masses of elements of the Seaborg table (eight-periodic extension of the Mendeleev table) are calculated starting from the atomic number $Z=121$ to $Z=220$. The continuation of Seaborg homology between lanthanides and actinides is established to the group of superactinides. A 10-periodic extension of the periodic table is introduced in the framework of the group-theoretic approach. The multiplet structure of the extended table periods is considered in detail. It is shown that the period lengths of the system of elements are determined by the structure of the basic representation of the Rumer-Fet group. The theoretical masses of the elements of 10th and 11th periods are calculated starting from $Z=221$ to $Z=364$. The concept of hypertwistor is introduced.
Predicting the transition temperature, Tc, of a superconductor from Periodic Table normal state properties is regarded as one of the grand challenges of superconductivity. By studying the correlations of Periodic Table properties with known superconductors, it is possible to estimate their transition temperatures. Starting from the isotope effect and correlations of superconductivity with electronegativity (Chi), valence electron count per atom (Ne), atomic number(Z) and formula weight (Fw), we derive an empirical formula for estimating Tc that includes an unknown parameter,(Ko). With average values of Chi, Ne and Z, we develop a material specific characterization dataset (MSCD) model of a superconductor that is quantitatively useful for characterizing and comparing superconductors. We show that for most superconductors, Ko correlates with Fw/Z, Ne, Z, number of atoms (An) in the formula, number of elements (En) and with Tc. We study some superconductor families and use the discovered correlations to predict similar and novel superconductors and also estimate their Tcs. Thus the material specific equations derived in this paper, the material specific characterization dataset (MSCD) system developed here and the discovered correlation between Tc and Fw/Z, En and An, provide the building blocks for the analysis, design and search of potential novel high temperature superconductors with specific estimated Tcs.
A modification of the standard periodic table of the elements reveals $4n^{2}$ periods, where $n=2,3,dots$. The new arrangement places hydrogen with halogens and keeps the rare-earth elements in the table proper (without separating them as they are in the standard table). Effectively, periods in the modified table are defined by the halogens rather than by the noble gases. The graph of ionization energy of the elements is presented for comparison of periods in the standard and the modified tables.
A possibility of the construction of a periodic table for the excited baryon spectrum is shown in the frame of a relativistic chiral quark model based on selection rules derived from the one-pion exchange mechanism. It is shown that all the $N^*$ and $Delta^*$ resonances appearing in the $pi N$ scattering data and strongly coupling to the $pi N$ channel are identified with the orbital configurations $(1S_{1/2})^2(nlj)$. Baryon resonances corresponding to the orbital configuration with two valence quarks in excited states couple strongly to the $pi pi N$-channel, but not to the $pi N$ channel. At low energy scale up to 2000 MeV, the obtained numerical estimations for the SU(2) baryon states (up to and including F-wave $N^*$ and $Delta^*$ resonances) within the schematic periodic table are mostly consistent with the experimental data. It is argued that due-to the overestimation of the ground state N(939) and Roper resonance N(1440) almost by the same amount and that the Roper resonance is a radial excitation of the N(939), the lowering mechanism for the both baryon states must be the same. The same mechanism is expected in the $Delta$ sector. At higher energies, where the experimental data are poor, we can extend our model schematically and predict seven new $N^*$ and four $Delta^*$ resonances with larger spin values.
A contribution is presented to the application of fractal properties and log-periodic corrections to the masses of several nuclei (isotopes or isotones), and to the energy levels of some nuclei. The fractal parameters $alpha$ and $lambda$ are not randomly distributed, but take a small number of values, common also with the values extracted previously from fractal distributions of quark, lepton, and hadronic masses. Several masses of still unobserved nuclei are tentatively predicted.
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