Nuclear magnetic octupole moment and the hyperfine structure of the $5D_{3/2,5/2}$ states of the Ba$^+$ ion

The hyperfine structure of the long-lived $5D_{3/2}$ and $5D_{5/2}$ levels of Ba$^+$ ion is analyzed. A procedure for extracting relatively unexplored nuclear magnetic moments $Omega$ is presented. The relevant electronic matrix elements are computed in the framework of the ab initio relativistic many-body perturbation theory. Both the first- and the second-order (in the hyperfine interaction) corrections to the energy levels are analyzed. It is shown that a simultaneous measurement of the hyperfine structure of the entire $5D_J$ fine-structure manifold allows one to extract $Omega$ without contamination from the second-order corrections. Measurements to the required accuracy should be possible with a single trapped barium ion using sensitive techniques already demonstrated in Ba$^+$ experiments.