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Register a new userApplying Shower Development Universality to KASCADE Data
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On basis of the theorem of a universal shower development stating that a hadronically generated extensive air shower is completely described by the primary energy, the position of the shower maximum and a parameter related to the total muon number, the so-called correlation curve method is developed and applied to KASCADE data. Correlation information of the muon and electron content of showers measured by the KASCADE experiment are used for the reconstruction of energy and mass of primary cosmic rays. Systematic uncertainties of the method and the results are discussed in detail. It is shown that by this method general tendencies in spectrum and composition indeed can be revealed, but the absolute normalization in energy and mass scale requires much more detailed simulations.
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A large area (128 m^2) Muon Tracking Detector (MTD), located within the KASCADE experiment, has been built with the aim to identify muons (E_mu > 0.8 GeV) and their directions in extensive air showers by track measurements under more than 18 r.l. shielding. The orientation of the muon track with respect to the shower axis is expressed in terms of the radial- and tangential angles. By means of triangulation the muon production height H_mu is determined. By means of H_mu, a transition from light to heavy cosmic ray primary particle with increasing shower energy Eo from 1-10 PeV is observed. Muon pseudorapidity distributions for the first interactions above 15 km are studied and compared to Monte Carlo simulations.
The Milky Way is filled with the tidally-disrupted remnants of globular clusters and dwarf galaxies. Determining the properties of these objects -- in particular, initial masses and density profiles -- is relevant to both astronomy and dark matter physics. However, most direct measures of mass cannot be applied to tidal debris, as the systems of interest are no longer in equilibrium. Since phase-space density is conserved during adiabatic phase mixing, Liouvilles theorem provides a connection between stellar kinematics as measured by observatories such as Gaia and the original mass of the disrupted system. Accurately recovering the phase-space density is complicated by uncertainties resulting from measurement errors and orbital integration, which both effectively inject entropy into the system, preferentially decreasing the measured density. In this paper, we demonstrate that these two issues can be overcome. First, we measure the phase-space density of the globular cluster M4 in Gaia data, and use Liouvilles theorem to derive its mass. We then show that, for tidally disrupted systems, the orbital parameters and thus phase-space density can be inferred by minimizing the phase-space entropy of cold stellar streams. This work is therefore a proof of principle that true phase-space density can be measured and the original properties of the star cluster reconstructed in systems of astrophysical interest.
KASCADE-Grande is a large detector array dedicated for studies of high-energy cosmic rays in the primary energy range from 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The multi-detector concept of the experimental set-up offers the possibility to measure simultaneously various observables related to the electromagnetic, muonic, and hadronic air shower components. The experimental data are compared to predictions of CORSIKA simulations using high-energy hadronic interaction models (e.g. QGSJET or EPOS), as well as low-energy interaction models (e.g. FLUKA or GHEISHA). This contribution will summarize the results of such investigations. In particular, the validity of the new EPOS version 1.99 for EAS with energy around 100 PeV will be discussed.
We observe a correlation between the slope of radio lateral distributions, and the mean muon pseudorapidity of 59 individual cosmic-ray-air-shower events. The radio lateral distributions are measured with LOPES, a digital radio interferometer co-located with the multi-detector-air-shower array KASCADE-Grande, which includes a muon-tracking detector. The result proves experimentally that radio measurements are sensitive to the longitudinal development of cosmic-ray air-showers. This is one of the main prerequisites for using radio arrays for ultra-high-energy particle physics and astrophysics.
Cosmic rays provide an unique approach to study hadronic interactions at high energies in the kinematic forward direction. The KASCADE air shower experiment was the first to conduct quantitative tests of hadronic interactions with air shower data. A brief overview is given on results from KASCADE and its extension KASCADE-Grande with respect to investigations of hadronic interactions and the properties of cosmic rays.
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